One half of the total number of panchas including the sarpanch, if present, shall form a quorum

One half of the total number of panchas including the sarpanch, if present, shall form a quorum. The President shall have a deliberative vote and shall also, in case of an equal division, have a casting vote. He shall regulate the course of all business to be brought forward and shall pre- serve order. The meeting of the panchayat shall be open to the public but on a motion, carried by a majority of the panchas, the public shall be required by the President to withdraw.