Certain transfers not to affect rights of tenants under this Chapter

The Pepsu Tenancy and Agricultural Land Act, 1955

Civil195547 sections

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Statutory text

(1) No transfer of land made by a landowner after the commencement of the President's Act shall affect the right of any person to acquire proprietary rights in such land under this Chapter.
(2) If any question arises whether any transfer of land does or does not affect the right of any person to acquire proprietary rights in such land, the question shall be referred to the prescribed authority for its decision. 32-A. Ceiling on land
(1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any law, custom, usage or agreement, no person shall be entitled to own or hold as landowner or tenant land under his personal cultivation within the State which exceeds in the aggregate the permissible limit.
(2) For the purposes of computing the permissible limit under sub-section (1), the provisions of clauses
- (d) and
- (e) of sub-section
(2) of section 3 shall not apply. 32-B. Returns by persons having land in excess of the ceiling Any person, who on the commencement of the Pepsu Tenancy and Agricultural Lands (Second Amendment) Act, 1956, owns or holds as landowner or tenant land under his personal cultivation, which in the aggregate exceeds the permissible limit, shall, within a period of one month from the commencement of the Pepsu Tenancy and Agricultural Lands (Amendment) Ordinance, 1958 furnish to the Collector a return giving the particulars of all his land in the prescribed form and manner and stating therein his selection of the parcel or parcels of land not exceeding in the aggregate the permissible limit which he desires to retain and the lands in respect of which he claims exemption from the ceiling under the provisions of this Chapter: Provided that such person shall state in the return any transfer or other disposition of land made by him after the 21st August, 1956, and where a person has furnished a return before the commencement of the Pepsu Tenancy and Agricultural Lands (Amendment) Ordinance, 1958, he shall within the aforesaid period intimate to the Collector any such transfer or other disposition of land made by him. 32-BB. Declarations supported by affidavits to be furnished by certain landowners and tenants
(1) Every landowner or tenant required to furnish a return under section 32-B, whose land is situated in more than one Patwar circle, shall furnish to the Collector within a period of one month from the commencement of the Pepsu Tenancy and Agricultural Lands (Amendment) Ordinance, 1958, a declaration supported by an affidavit in respect of the lands owned or held by him in such form and manner as may be prescribed.
(2) If a landowner or tenant fails to furnish the declaration supported by an affidavit as required by subsection (1), the prescribed authority not below the rank of Collector may, by order, direct that the whole or part of the land of such landowner or tenant, in excess of ten standard acres, to be specified by such authority shall be deemed to be the surplus area of such landowner or tenant, and thereupon such area shall be included by the Collector as the surplus area of such landowner or tenant in the statement to be prepared in respect of him under section 32-D : Provided that nothing herein shall affect—
- (a) the lands of such landowner or tenant which have been exempted under section 32-K; or
- (b) the right of such person to any compensation in respect of such surplus area to which he may be entitled under this Act: Provided further that no such order shall be made without giving the person concerned an opportunity of being heard.
(3) Where a landowner or tenant, who is required to furnish a declaration under sub-section (1), fails so to do, the Collector may in respect of him obtain the information required to be shown in the declaration through such agency as he may deem fit. 32-C. Collection of information through other agency If any person owning or holding under his personal cultivation land in excess of the permissible limit fails to furnish the return and intimate his selection within the period prescribed under section 32-B, the Collector may obtain the information required to be shown in the return through such agency as he may deem fit and, subject to the provisions of sub-section
(2) of section 32-BB, select the parcel or parcels of land which such person is entitled to retain under the provisions of this Act as also the surplus area of such person. 32-D. Submission of statement to Government
(1) On the basis of the information given in the return under section 32-B or the declaration furnished under sub-section
(1) of section 32-BB which shall be duly verified through such agency as may be prescribed or the information obtained by the Collector under sub-section
(3) of section 32-BB or section 32-C, the Collector shall prepare a draft statement in the manner prescribed showing, among other particulars, the total area of land owned or held by such a person, the specific parcels of land which the landowner may retain by way of his permissible limit or exemption from ceiling and also the surplus area.
(2) The draft statement shall include the advice of the Pepsu Land Commission appointed under section 32-P regarding the exemption from ceiling if claimed by the landowner and be published in the office of the Collector and a copy thereof shall be served upon the person or persons concerned in the form and manner prescribed. Any objection received within thirty days of the service shall be duly considered by the Collector and after affording the objector an opportunity of being heard order shall be passed on the objection.
(3) Any person aggrieved by an order of the Collector under sub-section
(2) may, within thirty days of the order, prefer an appeal to the State Government or an officer authorised by the State Government in this behalf.
(4) Without prejudice to any action under sub-section (3), the State Government may of its own motion call for any record relating to the draft statement at any time and, after affording the person concerned an opportunity of being heard, pass such order as it may deem fit.
(5) Any order of the State Government under sub-section
(3) or sub-section
(4) or of the Collector subject to the decision of the State Government under those sub-sections shall be final.
(6) The draft statement shall then be made final in terms of the order of the Collector or the State Government as the case may be, or in terms of the advice of the Pepsu Land Commission regarding exemptions from the ceiling claimed by the landowner (if any), and published in the Official Gazette and no person shall then be entitled to question it in any court or before any authority.
(7) The final statement shall then be submitted by the Collector to the State Government as soon as may be and a copy thereof may on demand be given to the landowner or the tenant concerned. 32-DD. Future tenancies in surplus area and certain judgments etc. to be ignored Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, for the purposes of determining the surplus area of any person—
- (a) a tenancy created after the commencement of the Pepsu Tenancy and Agricultural Lands (Second Amendment) Act, 1956, in any area of land which could have been declared as the surplus area of such person; and
- (b) any judgment, decree or order of a court or other authority, obtained after the commencement of that Act and having the effect of diminishing the area of such person which could have been declared as his surplus area; shall be ignored. 32-E. Vesting of surplus area in the State Government Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any law, custom or usage for the time being in force, and subject to the provisions of Chapter IV after the date on which the final statement in respect of a landowner or tenant is published in the Official Gazette, then—
- (a) in the case of the surplus area of a landowner, or in the case of the surplus area of a tenant which is not included within the permissible limit of the landowner, such area shall, on the date on which possession thereof is taken by or on behalf of the State Government, be deemed to have been acquired by the State Government for a public purpose and all rights, title and interest (including the contingent interest, if any, recognised by any law, custom or usage for the time being in force) of all persons in such land shall be extinguished, and such rights, title and interest shall vest in the State Government free from encumbrances created by any person; and
- (b) in the case of the surplus area of a tenant which is included within the permissible limits of the landowner, the right and interest of the tenant in such area shall stand terminated: Provided that, for the purposes of clause (a), where any land falling within the surplus area is mortgaged with possession, only the mortgagee rights shall vest in the State Government. 32-F. Power to take possession of surplus area
(1) The Collector may, by order in writing, at any time after the date on which the final statement in respect of a landowner or tenant is published in the Official Gazette, direct the landowner or the tenant or any other person in possession of the surplus area to deliver possession thereof within ten days of the service of the order on him to such person as may be specified in the order.
(2) If the landowner or the tenant or any other person in possession of the surplus area refuses or fails without reasonable cause to comply with the order made under sub-section (1), the Collector may take possession of the surplus area and may for that purpose use such force as may be necessary. 32-FF. Certain transfers not to affect the surplus area Save in the case of land acquired by the State Government under any law for the time being in force or by an heir by inheritance or up to 30th July, 1958, by a landless person, or a small landowner, not being a relation as prescribed of the person making the transfer or disposition of land, for consideration up to an area which with or without the area owned or held by him does not in the aggregate exceed the permissible limit, no transfer or other disposition of land affected after the 21st August, 1956, shall affect the right of the State Government under this Act to the surplus area to which it would be entitled, but for such transfer or disposition : Provided that any person who has received any advantage under such transfer or disposition of land shall be bound to restore it, or to make compensation for it, to the person from whom he received it. 32-G. Principles for payment of compensation
(1) Where any land is acquired under section 32-E, there shall be paid compensation which shall be determined by the Collector or any other officer in the manner and in accordance with the principles hereinafter set out, that is to say—
- (a) in respect of land other than banjar land—
  - (i) for the first twenty-five standard acres of land, twelve times the fair rent; and
  - (ii) for the next twenty-five standard acres of land, nine times the fair rent; and
  - (iii) for the remaining land, ninety times the land revenue (including rates and cesses) payable for such land or two hundred rupees per acre; whichever is less : Provided that the compensation under this clause shall in no case be less than ninety times the land revenue (including rates and cesses) payable for the land or two hundred rupees per acre, whichever is less : Provided further that where the land exceeds fifty standard acres, it shall, for the purposes of computing compensation under this clause, be allocated to sub-clauses (i),
  - (ii) and
  - (iii) in such manner as may be prescribed.
- (b) in respect of banjar land, forty-five times the land revenue payable in respect of an equal area of any barani land in the village concerned or where there is no such land in the village, in the nearest village, which is assessed to land revenue at the lowest rate, or at the rate of one hundred rupees per acre, whichever is less. Explanation.—In this sub-section 'fair rent' means fair rent as determined by the Pepsu Land Commission appointed under section 32-P.
(2) The Collector or the officer authorised by the State Government shall prepare a compensation statement in the form and manner prescribed and shall give notice to all persons known to have any interest in the land for which compensation is to be paid, to appear personally or by duly authorised agent before him at a time and place therein mentioned (such time not being earlier than fifteen days after the date of service of the notice) and to state the nature of their respective interests in the land and the amount and particulars of their claims to compensation for such interests. Thereafter, the amount of compensation shall be apportioned among the persons having interest in the land. (2A) Where in the surplus area of any person mortgagee rights have vested in the State Government, the compensation payable to the mortgagee shall be the mortgage money due to the mortgagee, or the compensation payable under this Act, whichever is less.
(3) In apportioning compensation between a landowner and a tenant not more than twenty times the land revenue shall be awarded to the tenant.
(4) Where on the land there is any building, structure, tubewell or crop, the owner thereof shall in addition to the compensation payable in respect of the land, be entitled to be paid by the State Government compensation therefor which shall be equivalent to three-fourth of the market value of such building, structure, tubewell or crop, as the case may be, and which shall be determined,—
- (a) in the case of crop, by the Collector; and
- (b) in other cases, by the Pepsu Land Commission or, in respect of the surplus area declared under sub-section
(12) of section 32K by the Board referred to in sub-section
(6) of that section: Provided that an option in writing may be given by the Collector to the owner to remove such building, structure, tubewell or crop within the period prescribed, and if such building, structure, tubewell or crop, as the case may be, is removed by the owner within the period prescribed or within such further period as the Collector may extend for the purpose no compensation shall be paid to the owner in respect thereof: Provided further that the cost incurred in raising the crop shall be the market value of the crop. 32-H. Payment of compensation
(1) The compensation payable by the State Government shall be given in cash or in bonds or partly in cash and partly in bonds, as may be prescribed.
(2) Compensation in respect of land other than banjar land shall, in the first instance, be paid at the rate of ninety times the land revenue (including rates and cesses) payable for such land or two hundred rupees per acre, whichever is less, and the balance, if any, shall be payable after the fair rent has been determined in accordance with the provisions of this Act. 32-J. Disposal of surplus area
(1) The surplus area acquired under section 32-E shall be at the disposal of the State Government.
(2) The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, frame a scheme for utilising the surplus area by allotment to tenants willing to cultivate land personally or to landowners or tenants owning or holding land not exceeding five standard acres in order to make their holdings equal to five standard acres, and to landless agricultural workers or for the development of co-operative farms or seeds farms or efficient management of land.
(3) Any scheme framed by the State Government under sub-section
(2) may provide for the terms and conditions on which the lands in the surplus area are to be allotted, provided the following priorities in the method of selecting tenants and fixing the area of land to be allotted shall form part of the scheme, namely—
- (a) tenants who are liable to ejectment and entitled to allotment of alternative land under section 7-A including tenants of landowner who are members of the Armed Forces of the Union; and
- (b) landowners or tenants owning or holding land not exceeding five standard acres in order to make their holdings equal to five standard acres, and landless agricultural workers.
(4) The terms and conditions, on which the lands, in the surplus area are to be allotted, shall include payment of the prescribed amount for the land in a lump sum or in annual instalments spread over twenty years. Explanation.—The said amount shall be prescribed by the State Government having regard to the condition that the aggregate amount payable to the State Government by the persons to whom land is allotted under the scheme shall not exceed the aggregate amount of compensation payable by the State Government for surplus area which is acquired.
(5) The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, add to, amend, vary or revoke any scheme made under this section. 32-K. Exemptions from ceiling on land
(1) The provisions of section 32-A shall not apply to—
- (i) orchards where they constitute reasonably compact areas;
- (ii) specialised farms engaged in cattle breeding, dairying or wool raising;
- (iii) sugarcane farms operated by sugar factories;
- (iv) efficiently managed farms which consist of compact blocks on which heavy investment or permanent structural improvements have been made and whose break-up is likely to lead to a fall in production;
- (v) lands belonging to registered co-operative societies formed for the purpose of co-operative farming, provided the land owned by an individual member of the society does not exceed the permissible limit; and
- (vi) where a landowner gives an undertaking in writing to the Collector that he shall, within a period of two years from the commencement of the Pepsu Tenancy and Agricultural Lands (Second Amendment) Act, 1956, plant an orchard in any area of his land not exceeding ten standard acres, such area of land.
(2) Where a landowner has, by an undertaking given to the Collector, retained any area of land with him for planting an orchard and fails to plant the orchard within a period of two years referred to in clause
- (vi) of sub-section (1), the land so retained by him shall on the expiry of that period vest in the State Government under section 32-E and compensation therefor shall be payable in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter.
(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act,—
- (a) the exemption specified in clause
  - (vi) of sub-section
(1) shall not be allowed unlesss the orchard planted within the period specified therein is found to be an orchard also at the time of granting the exemption;
- (b) the exemptions specified in clauses (i), (ii), (iii),
  - (iv) and
  - (v) of sub-section
(1) shall not be allowed unless the orchards constituting reasonably compact areas or the specialised farms engaged in cattle breeding, dairying or wool raising or the sugarcane farms operated by sugar factories or the efficiently managed farms or the lands belonging to registered co-operative societies, as the case may be, are found to be so also at the time of granting the exemptions;
- (c) the exemption specified in cluase
  - (iv) of sub-section
(1) shall not be allowed unless the efficiently managed farm satisfies the conditions hereinafter appearing in the succeeding sub-sections.
(4) For determining whether a farm should be exempted under clause
- (iv) of sub-section (1), the Pepsu Land Commission shall award to the farm, in respect of the harvests of Rabi and Kharif for the year 1956, marks in the following manner—
- (a) the total number of marks shall be one thousand and the various features, including the features relating to yield of crops per standard acre, for which marks are to be awarded and the maximum marks to be awarded for each feature shall be such as may be prescribed ;
- (b) the marks shall be awarded for each feature subject to the maximum marks prescribed for the feature;
- (c) in awarding marks for the feature relating to yield of crops, the Pepsu Land Commission shall apply such standards of yield of crops per standard acre as may be prescribed;
- (d) the award of marks shall be in relation to the yield of each prescribed crop in a particular harvest;
- (e) area under crops for which standard yields are not prescribed or areas on which prescribed crops are sown but such areas are less than five per centum of the total area of the farm, shall be ignored for the purposes of awarding marks;
- (f) for awarding marks to a farm for the feature relating to yield of crops, the average of the marks awarded for the yield of each prescribed crop shall be regarded as the marks awarded to that farm for the feature relating to yield of crops;
- (g) for awarding marks in respect of each harvest, the evaluation of land under each crop for converting into standard acres shall, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in section 32NN, be made in relation to the class of land in existence at the time of such harvest;
- (h) in awarding marks, the Pepsu Land Commission shall give due allowance for any loss in the yield of crops due to any natural calamity or circumstances beyond the control of the landowner;
  - (i) where any area of the farm has not been brought under any crop on any ground, other than the normal rotation of crops or circumstances beyond the control of the person concerned, the Pepsu Land Commission may deduct from the total number of marks awarded to the farm such number of marks not exceeding one hundred as it may deem fit;
- (j) no farm which is awarded less than eighty per centum of the total number of marks prescribed in respect of all features shall be exempted under clause
  - (iv) of sub-section (1).
(5) Every person, to whom any exemption is granted under clause
- (iv) of sub-section (1), shall furnish from time to time to such authority and in such form and manner such periodical information relating to the produce of different crops, the programme regarding different agricultural operations such as use of improved seeds and fertilizers, adoption of plant protection measures like spraying and maintenance of standards of yield of crops as may be prescribed.
(6) Every exemption of a farm under clause
- (iv) of sub-section
(1) shall be liable to be reviewed by a Board consisting of the Commissioner of the Division concerned as Chairman and two other persons having special knowledge or practical experience of land or agricultural problems as members, to be appointed by the State Government by notification, who may be paid such allowances as may be prescribed.
(7) The first review under sub-section
(6) shall be made by the Board after the expiry of at least three years from the date on which exemption to a farm is granted and thereafter periodical reviews shall be made by the Board so that a period of not less than three years shall intervene between two consecutive reviews.
(8) In reviewing the exemptions of efficiently managed farms, the Board shall take into account the periodical information furnished in respect of the farm under sub-section
(5) and shall, as far as may be, be guided by the same provisions of this Act and the rules made thereunder as are applicable to the grant of exemptions under this section and marks shall be awarded by the Board for all the harvests during the period between the grant of exemptions and the review or the period between two consecutive reviews, as the case may be.
(9) If, during the course of any review, the Board finds that any area of land included in a farm exempted under clause
- (iv) of sub-section
(1) is inherited by an heir of the landowner and such area of land, with the lands, if any, already owned by him, does not exceed in the aggregate the permissible limit, the Board shall advise the State Government that such area of land should be excluded from the farm exempted under clause
- (iv) of sub-section (1); and where such advice is to be tendered by the Board, the Board shall if such heir so desires, exclude such area of land for the purpose of reviewing the exemption relating to the farm from the date of inheritance.
(10) The Board shall after each review advise the State Government whether the exemption of any farm should continue or should be withdrawn or whether any area of land included in the farm should be excluded therefrom under sub-section (9).
(11) The advice tendered by the Board under sub-section
(10) shall be binding on the State Government.
(12) Where an exemption in respect of any farm is withdrawn by the State Government on the advice of the Board,—
- (a) if a landowner is alive, the whole of the area of such farm; and
- (b) if the landowner is dead, the whole of the area of such farm, except to the extent of the land which is inherited by the heirs of the landowner and which, with the lands, if any already owned by such heirs, does not exceed in the aggregate the permissible limit; shall be declared to be the surplus area: Provided that such declaration shall not be made without giving an opportunity of being heard to the landowner or the heirs, as the case may be.
(13) In declaring the surplus area under this section, the provision of this Act shall, as far as may be, apply.
(14) Any rules made under section 52 for giving effect to the provisions of this section may be made retrospectively from the 30th October, 1956. 32-KK. Land owned by Hindu undivided family to be deemed land of one landowner Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or in any other law for the time being in force,—
- (a) where, immediately before the commencement of this Act, a landowner and his descendants constitute a Hindu undivided family, the land owned by such family shall, for the purposes of this Act, be deemed to be the land of that landowner and no descendant shall, as member of such family, be entitled to claim that in respect of his share of such land he is a landowner in his own right; and
- (b) a partition of land owned by a Hindu undivided family referred to in clause
- (a) shall be deemed to be a disposition of land for the purposes of section 32-FF. Explanation.—In this section, the expression "descendant" includes an adopted son. 32-L. Ceiling on future acquisition of land
(1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any law, custom, usage, contract or agreement, from and after the commencement of the Pepsu Tenancy and Agricultural Lands (Second Amendment) Act, 1956, no person whether as landowner or tenant shall acquire or possess by transfer, exchange, lease, agreement or settlement any land which, with or without the land already owned or held by him, shall in the aggregate, exceed the permissible limit.
(2) Any transfer, exchange, lease, agreement or settlement made in contravention of the provisions of sub-section
(1) shall be null and void. 32-M. Ceiling on future acquisition by inheritance
(1) If, after the commencement of the Pepsu Tenancy and Agricultural Lands (Second Amendment) Act, 1956, any person whether as landowner or tenant, acquires by inheritance or by bequest or gift from a person to whom he is an heir any land or if after such commencement and subject to the provisions of section 32-FF any person acquires in any other manner, except as specified in section 32-L, any land which with or without the lands already owned or held by him, exceeds in the aggregate the permissible limit, then he shall within the period prescribed furnish to the Collector a return in the manner specified in section 32-B giving the particulars of all lands and selecting the land he desires to retain and if the land of such person is situated in more than one Patwar circle, he shall also furnish a declaration required by sub-section
(1) of section 32-BB. (1-A) If such person fails to furnish the declaration, the provisions of sub-section
(2) and
(3) of section 32-BB shall apply.
(2) If he fails to furnish the return and select his land within the prescribed period, then the Collector may obtain the information and select the land for him in the manner specified in section 32-C.
(3) The Collector shall then submit a statement to the State Government in the manner specified in section 32-D and issue a notification in the Official Gazette as required by that section.
(4) The excess land shall then vest in the State Government in accordance with the provisions of section 32-E and compensation therefor, shall be payable in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter. 32-MM. Power to separate share of landowners in joint lands
(1) Where the landowner owns land jointly with other landowners and his share of such land or part thereof, as ascertained from the record of rights, has been or is to be declared as surplus area, the officer competent to declare such area or where such area has been declared, the officer competent to utilise it, may on his own motion, after summary enquiry and affording to the persons interested in such land an opportunity of being heard, separate his share of such land or part thereof in the land owned by him jointly with other landowners.
(2) Where, after the declaration of the surplus area of any person and before the utilisation thereof, his land has been subjected to the process of consolidation, the officers referred to in sub-section
(1) shall be competent to separate the surplus area of such person out of the area of land obtained by him after consolidation. 32-N. Definition of 'public purpose', 'surplus area', and 'land' In this Chapter—
(1) 'Public purpose' includes—
- (i) a purpose connected with the allotment of land to—
- (a) tenants who are liable to ejectment and entitled to allotment of alternative land under section 7-A; or
- (b) landowners or tenants owning or holding land not exceeding five standard acres in order to make their holdings equal to five standard acres, and landless agricultural workers;
  - (ii) development of co-operative farms or seed farms; and
  - (iii) efficient management of land; (1-A) "small landowner" means a landowner whose entire land in the State does not exceed the permissible limit;,
(2) 'surplus area' means the area in excess of the permissible limit and includes the area which is deemed to be surplus area under sub-section
(2) of section 32-BB; and
(3) 'land' includes banjar land save as otherwise provided. 32-NN. Removal of certain doubts For the removal of doubts it is hereby declared that for evaluating the land of any person at any time under this Act, the land owned by him immediately before the commencement of the Pepsu Tenancy and Agricultural Lands (Second Amendment) Act, 1956, or the land acquired by him after such commencement by inheritance or by bequest, or gift from a person to whom he is an heir, shall always be evaluated for converting into standard acres as if the evaluation was being made on the date of such commencement, and that the land acquired by him after such commencement in any other manner shall always be evaluated for converting into standard acres as if the evaluation was being made on the date of such acquisition. 32-P. Constitution of Land Commission and functions thereof
(1) The State Government shall establish a Commission to be called the Pepsu Land Commission consisting of—
- (a) a Chairman being a person who is or has been a Judge of the High Court;
- (b) two members to be nominated by the State Government having special knowledge or practical experience of land or agricultural problems.
(2) The Chairman and members of the Commission shall hold office for a term of three years.
(3) The Chairman and members shall be entitled to receive such remuneration for the performance of their duties under this section as may be prescribed.
(4) Subject to the provisions of this Act and in accordance with any rules which may be made by the State Government in this behalf, it shall be the duty of the Commission to—
- (a) determine fair rents for the purposes of section 32-G;
- (b) determine the market value of any building structure or tube-well under sub-section
(4) of section 32-G ;
- (c) advise the State Government with regard to exemption of lands from the ceiling in accordance with the provisions of section 32-K.
(5) The advice given by the Pepsu Land Commission under clause
- (c) of sub-section
(4) shall be binding on the State Government and notwithstanding anything in section 32-D, no final statement shall, in a case in which exemption is claimed under section 32-K, be published unless such advice is included therein.
(6) In determining the fair rents, the Pepsu Land Commission shall, in accordance with such principles, as may be prescribed, classify soils where necessary.
(7) The fair rent shall not exceed the value of one-fifth of the gross produce of land determined in accordance with such principles as may be prescribed.
(8) If there is a difference of opinion among the members of the Commission on any matter, the opinion of the majority shall prevail, and the decision or advice of the Commission shall be expressed in terms of the views of the majority.
(9) For the purposes of performing its duties, the Pepsu Land Commission shall be empowered to make such enquiries as may be necessary and in doing so shall have the powers of a civil court specified in section 41. [Omitted] [Omitted] [Omitted] [Omitted] [Omitted] [Omitted]

³³ Omitted

³⁴ Omitted

³⁵ Omitted

³⁶ Omitted

³⁷ Omitted

³⁸ Omitted

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