SYLLABUS DIPLOMA IN ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY TECHNOLOGY

COURSE CURRICULUM: HEMATOLOGY GENERAL IMMUNOLOGY BLOOD COMPONENTS & BLOOD DONATION Practical & Viva Voce QUALITY CONTROL IN BLOOD BANKING & LEGAL ASPECTS. RECENT ADVANCES TECHNIQUES Practical & Viva Voce PAPER - I - MICROBIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY 1. Introduction to Microbiology, Fundamentals of microscopy, sterilization and disinfection 2. Groups of Micro organisms, Micro organisms staining techniques 3. Bacteriological media, pure cultures and cultural characteristics, Bacteria of medical importance 4. Transfusion transmitted infections, HCV, HBV, malaria, syphilis 1st Year MICROBIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY Paper III TRANSFUSION THERAPY Paper VIII IMMUNO-HAEMATOLOGY Paper VIII PAPER-II-HEMATOLOGY 1. Collection of blood samples, types of anticoagulants 2. complete hemogram, Different methods of haemoglobin screening/estimation 3. Normal erythropoiesis, Leucopoiesis, Formation and function of platelets 4. classification of anaemia, their laboratory diagnosis, Hemoglobinopathy: Beta Thalassemia and sickle cell disease, G6PD deficiency, polycythemia 5. Autoimmune hemolytic anaemia, classification, diagnosis, specificity of autoantibodies 6. Coagulation Mechanism, Hemostasis, laboratory tests for coagulation, Platelet Disorders 7. Haematological malignancies 8. Bone marrow transplantation, peripheral stem cells, cord blood banking PAPER - III - GENERAL IMMUNOLOGY 1. Introduction to Immunology, History, Immunity 2. Antigens :Immunogen, auto-antigen, soluble antigen, Red cell antigen, Epitopes 3. Antibodies: polyclonal antibodies, development of antibodies, structure of immunoglobulins, characteristics of immunoglobulins 4. Monoclonal antibodies: Hybridoma technology, Human monoclonal antibodies, Applications of MAb 5. Antigen-antibody reaction: Antigen concentration, antibody concentration, enhancing media, other factors influencing antigen antibody reaction, Immunoassays: ELISA, 6. cells of immune system: phagocytic cells, Antigen presenting cells, T cells, T cell subsets, B cells, CD Markers, Flowcytometry for counting T& B cells 7. Autoimmune disorders 8. Complement System 9. HLA antigens, HLA antibodies, HLA Serology, Histocompatibility matching: Molecular methods 10. Molecular methods in Immunology PAPER - IV - BLOOD COMPONENTS & BLOOD DONATION 1. Selection of blood bags for component preparation, preparation of red cell concentrate, Fresh Frozen plasma, platelet concentrate, cryoprecipitate, washed red cells, Frozen red cells 2. Plasma Fractionation: principles, manufacturing of different plasma derivatives 3. Component Testing, Labeling, 4. Transportation and storage of blood 5. Preparation of leukoreduced blood components, Leukocyte filters, component extractors. 6. Metabolic changes in blood during storage, release of cytokine components during storage. 7. Inventory management and maintenance of blood stock. 8. Irradiated blood components 9. Blood substitutes 10. Measurement of factor VIII level in FFP 11. Measurement of fibrinogen level in FFP 12. Sterility test on platelet concentrates. 13. Sterility test on Whole blood 14. Measurement of pH and other platelet parameters. 1. Donor Motivation, Motivational Techniques, Social Marketing, Preparation of IEC Materials 2. Donor recruitment & Retention: Types of blood donors, Donor selection, medical interview and medical examination, screening for haemoglobin estimation, Managing rejected blood donors, technique for conversion of first time donor into regular voluntary donor, donor felicitation 3. Blood collection room equipment, their principles, and use, emergency medicines, Pre donation counselling, Bleeding of the donor, post donation care, post donation counselling 4. Screening of blood units for mandatory tests, Discarding infected units. 5. Blood Donation drive: Awareness programs prior to blood donation drive, Camp site, staff requirement, management of camp, transportation of blood units from camp site to blood bank 6. Preservation of donated blood, blood preservation solutions, Additive solutions 7. Apheresis procedures, Apheresis products, preparation of multiple products on cell separators, Maintenance of cell separator equipment 8. Autologous blood donation PAPER - VI, TRANSFUSION THERAPY 1. Management of Blood Bank Issue counter. criteria for acceptance of requisition form, inspection of blood component prior to Issue. 2. Blood administration, transfusion filters, post transfusion care, Therapeutic plasma exchange 3. Judicious use of blood; management of different types of anemia, management of bleeding patient, Neonatal transfusion, Transfusion practices in surgery, Transfusion therapy for oncology and transplantation patients. 4. Hemolytic transfusion reaction immediate and delayed; immune and non immune reaction path physiology; clinical signs and symptoms Laboratory invigilation for HTR Tests to defect bacterial contamination in blood, 5. Non- hemolytic transfusion reactions Immediate and delayed, febrile reaction, allergic reaction, clinical signs and symptoms. 6. Acute transfusion related lung injury, alloimmunization, Iron overload, Graft versus host disease. 7. Strategies to prevent transfusion reactions PAPER - VII - IMMUNOHAEMATOLOGY 1. Basic Principles of immunohaematology, Application of Blood groups: Population Genetics, Forensic medicine, Transfusion medicine 2. ABO Blood of Group Systems: History, Genetics, ABH antigens, Biochemical Synthesis of blood group antigens, Antigenic sites, weaker variants, Bombay Phenotype, ABO antibodies, 3. Rh Blood Group System: History, Genetics, Molecular Genetics, Nature of Rh Antigens, Partial D, week D, other variants of Rh, Rh Null, Rh antibodies, factors influencing Rh immunization, Functional role of Rh antigens 4. Other Blood Group Systems: Lewis, P, Ii, MNSs, Kell, Duffy, Celano, In, Private antigens, Public antigens. 5. Antenatal Serology, Hemolytic disease of the newborn due to ABO Incompatibility, Rh Incompatibility and other allo-antibodies 6. Red cell serology techniques, their advantages and disadvantages, Cell and serum grouping, detection of weak A and B antigens and weak D/Partial D cases, Trouble shooting in red cell serology 7. Pre transfusion testing, Different methods of cross matching, cross matching in special circumstances, emergency cross matching, electronic cross matching 8. Principles of Direct and indirect antiglobulin test, enzyme technique, albumins technique, Detection of blood group antibodies, identification of their Specificity, clinical significance of antibody detection, differentiation between auto and allo-antibodies 9. Gel Technology, Micro plate technique PAPER - VIII - QUALITY CONTROL IN BLOOD BANKING AND LEGAL ASPECTS 1. Quality control of blood grouping reagents, QC of anti-human globulin reagent, bovine albumin, Normal saline 2. Quality control of blood bags 3. Quality control of different blood bank components, sterility test on component. 4. Automation in blood banking 5. calibration, validation and maintenance of blood bank equipment, QC of blood bank techniques, internal and external QC. 6. Organization of blood bank infrastructure, Regional blood transfusion centre and blood storage centres, Blood Bank premises and Blood management system 7. Regulations for blood bank operation; Drugs and cosmetics Law, National blood policy, standards in Blood Banking, licensing procedures. 8. Recruitment and training of blood bank personnel, proficiency testing. 9. Blood Bank Accreditation. PAPER - IX - RECENT ADVANCES IN BLOOD BANKING TECHNIQUES 1. Automation in Blood Banking 2. Nucleic Acid Testing 3. Apheresis 4. Stem Cells