Physiology Course Description

blood; Dissolved form & combined with hemoglobin], Oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve, carbon-di-oxide transport [carriage of carbon-di-oxide in blood]. Regulation of respiration: Nervous Regulation [Automatic control via Medullary and pontine centers, voluntary control of respiration], chemical Regulation of respiration [Peripheral chemoreceptors (carotid bodies and Aortic bodies) and central (Medullary) chemoreceptorsl. Hypoxia (Types of hypoxia), Dyspnea cardiovascular System: Properties of cardiac Muscle Physiological structure and function of cvs (valves, pacemaker tissue,Heart sounds) cardiac cycle Heart rate Electrocardiography, cardiac 'output Arterial blood pressure Regulation of cardiovascular system Excretory System: Nephrons: cortical and medullary urine formation Micturition Functions of kidney: Endocrine functions, Water balance, Acid-base balance Endocrine System: Definitions and properties of hormones Pituitary Gland Anterior pituitary - Six Hormones (GH, pRL, TSH, ACTH, LH, FSH) Growth Hormone (GH): Action and control, Applied (Dwarfism and Acromegaly) prolactin (pRL): Action and control Posterior pituitary ADH (Anti diuretic hormone): Action and control, Applied oxytocin: Action and Control Thyroid Gland: Types of hormones (T3 and T4), Regulation of hormone secretion, Actions of thyroid hormone: on carbohydrate metabolism, on lipid metabolism, on growth and development, Effect on nervous system, Applied (Goiter, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism) parathyroid, calcitonin and vitamin-D: Role of calcium in physiological processes, Hormones regulating calcium metabolism (Vitamin-D, prH, calcitonin), Applied: Rickets Adrenal cortex: Actions of glucocorticoids, : Actions of Mineralocorticoids, Applied: Cushing's syndrome, Addison's disease, Sex hormones Adrenal Medulla: Actions of catecholamines, Pancreas: Hormones: Glucagon and Insulin, Applied: Diabetes Mellitus Reproductive System Sex determination, Sex differentiation and Puberty Male Reproductive System: Testis: Structure and functions, Spermatogenesis, Structure of the sperm, Seminal fluid (semen), Endocrine functions (Testosterone) Female Reproductive System.Structure and functions, Ovary, Ovarian hormones (Estrogen, Progesterone) Menstrual cycle: Menopause Contraceptive measures Central Nervous System Organization and functions of nervous system Brain: Cerebrum, Thalamus, Hypothalamus Brain stem: Midbrain, Pons, Medulla, Cerebellum Spinal Cord: Structure and functions Autonomic Nervous system (ANS) Cerebrospinal Fluid Special Senses: The Smell: Olfactory receptors, Olfactory pathway The Taste: Taste Receptors (Taste buds), Taste Pathway The Ear: External ear, Middle Ear, Internal ear (Cochlea), Mechanism of hearing, Applied (deafness) The Eye: Parts of eye: Sclera, Choroid, Retina, Crystalline lens, photoreceptors (Rods and cones), Visual Pathway, Image formation, Accommodation, Lacrimal gland, Applied (Cataract, Glaucoma, Blindness) Skin and Temperature: Structure and function of skin Temperature Regulation