ANTHROPOLOGY

Unit-I: Meaning and Scope of Anthropology; Major areas of Anthropology, their scope and relevance: Social and cultural anthropology; Biological anthropology; Archaeological anthropology; Linguisticanthropology, Medicalanthropology, Ecologicalanthropology, Palaeoanthropology, Forensicanthropology, Visualanthropology, Cognitiveanthropology, Politicalanthropology, Populationanthropology, Economicanthropology, Applied and action anthropology, Urban anthropology, Molecular anthropology. Relationship of anthropology with other branches of social and biological sciences; Natural Science ideas in anthropology, Humanistic Tradition in anthropology, Anthropology and History. Unit-II: Organic Evolution: Lamarckism, Darwinism, Synthetic theory, Out of Africa vrs Multi-regional theory of human origins, Paleontological evidences of Human evolution: Auslralopithecinae, Home-erectus, Homo-neandethalensis, Home-sapiens, Interdependence between biological and cultural evolution, Erect posture and bi-pedalism, Concept of Race, Race and Racism, Criteria for Racial Classifictions; Distribution and Characteristics of Major races of the world: Caucasoid; Negroid; Mongoloid; Racial classification of Indian Population (Risley’s, Guha’s Sarkar’s); Role of heredity and environment in race formation. Unit-III: Geological Time Scale: An outline of the Pleistocene epoch; Glacial and Interglacial periods of Europe and India, meaning and scope of prehistoric anthropology, Relative ard absolute dating, Prehistoric Technologies and Tool types of Early man: Manufacturing techniques of major Palaeolitic, Mesolithic and Neolithic tool types, Evolution of Indian culture and civilisation: Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Protohistoric cultures, Ethno-archaeology in India. Unit-IV: Culture and society, culture and personality, patterns of culture, features of culture, culture trait and culture complex, Culture Change: Innovation, Invention, Diffusion, Acculturation, Assimilation, Attenuation, Integration Social Institutions: marriage: types, functions and regulation; family: types. Impact of urbanisation and industrialisation on family, universality of family; Kinship: principles of descent, kinship terminology, usages, Alliance Theory; Clan and Lineage: Types and functions; Economic organisation: Primitive and peasant economy; Reciprocity and Redistribution; Usufruct Rights; Barter; Subsistence Economy; Market Economy; Political organisation: Concept Band; Stateless Society; Segmentary Soceity; Primitive Government: Forms and Functions; Social Control: Forms and Agencies; Regligion, Magic and Science, Theories of primitive region. Unit-V: Human Genetics: Scope and Developments; Mendel’s Law of Inheritance and its application to Man; Hardy-Weinberg Law and its application in human population, Patterns of inheritance of Autosomal (dominant, recessive and co-dominant) and sex-linked traits, Methods of studying human heredity: Twin method, Pedigree method and Sib-pair method; linkage and crossing over; Polygenic Inheritance in Man, Chromosomal abnormality in Man, Blood Groups; HLA; Structure and function of DNA, RNA, Recombinant DNA technology; Genetic variation and genetic disorders in human population; Application areas of biological anthropology and human genetics for the service of mankind. Human Growth and development: Stages and factors, Ageing and senescence. Unit-VI: Research methods in anthropology: Inductive and deductive methods, field work tradition in anthropology, Comparative methods in anthropology, Scientific methods in anthropology; Synchronic and Diachronic Approaches in anthropology; Emic and Etic Approaches; Types of Research design, Techniques of data collection: Observation, interview, questionnaire, case study, schedule, Analysis, interpretation of data, Types of Sampling. Socio-gram, projective technique, Monitoring and Evaluation; PRA and RRA Techniques. Unit-VII: Salient features of Indian society and culture, Unity and diversity, Approaches to the study of Indian society and culture, Village studies in India, Jajamani system, Caste system in India, Dominant caste, Little Tradition and Great tradition; Universalization and Parochialization; Urban Communities: Structure and Types; Cultural Role and Functions of Cities: Folk-Urban and Tribe-Caste Contrast and Continnum, Social and Cultural Change in Modern India Sanskritization, Westernization, Urbanization and Industrialization, Modernization, Peasantization, Retribalization; Social, Cultural and Psychological Barriers and Stimulants to Change. Unit-VIII: Weaker Sections in India-Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Castes, Denotified Tribes, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Tribes and Castes. Their population, Distribution and Classification; Religious Minorities; Problem of Minorities, Tribes and Other Backward Castes (SEBCs); Constitutional Provisions and Safeguard Measures for SCs and STs; Unresolved issues and Problems of Development of STs (Forests, Shifting Cultivation, Land Alienation, Housing, Health and Sanitation/Nutrition, Indebtedness, Bonded Labour and Child Labour, Education and Gender Issues; Problems of Displacement due to Development Schemes, Tribal Rehabilitation), Development Strategies; Policies, Plans and Programmes for Tribal Development, Role of Anthropology in tribal and rural development. Contribution of Anthropology to the understanding of regionalism, ethnic and political movement Development Planning in India, Poverty in India, Forest and Tribal’s, Forest Policy in India. Unit-IX: Tribal Movements in India; Mandal Commission; Dhebar Commission, Bhuria Committee Report; Regionalism and Ethnicity; New Panchayat Raj System: PESA and Grama Sabha; Role of Voluntary Organisations in Development, Population Policy in India, Population problems in India; Problems of Food security in India, Problems of Health and Nutrition in Indian population, Problems of environment degradation and pollution in India, Environment and sustainable development. Empowerment of Women in India: Issues and challenges; Environment policy in India. Unit-X: Theoretical Issues in Anthropology: Evolutionism, Diffusionism, Neo-evolutionism, Functionalism, Structure functionalism, Structuralism, Cultural materialism, Social Biology, Post-modernism, Cultural Ecology, Demographic theories: Biological and socio-cultural; Anthropology and the Concept of Race;