The Jammu and Kashmir Succession (Property Protection) Act, 1920

It is hereby enacted that whenever a person dies leaving property, movable or immovable, it shall be lawful for any person claiming a right by succession thereto, or to any portion thereof to make application to the Judge of the Court of the District where any part of the properties found or situate for relief, either after actual possession has been taken by another person or when forcible means of seizing possession are apprehended.

It shall be lawful for any agent, relative or near friend, or for the Court of Wards in cases within their cognizance, in the event of any minor, disqualified or absent person being entitled by succession to such property as aforesaid, to make the like application for relief.

The Judge to whom such application shall be made shall, in the first place, enquire by the solemn declaration of the complainant, and by witnesses and documents at his discretion, whether there be strong reasons for believing that the party in possession or taking forcible means for seizing possession has no lawful title, and that the applicant, or the person on whose behalf he applies, is really entitled and is likely to be materially prejudiced if left to the ordinary remedy of a regular suit, and that the application is made bona fide.

In case the Judge shall be satisfied of the existence of such strong ground of belief, but not otherwise, he shall cite the party complained of and give notice of vacant or disturbed possession by publication, and after the expiration of a reasonable time shall determine summarily the right to possession (subject to regular suit as hereinafter mentioned) and shall deliver possession accordingly : provided always that the Judge shall have the power to appoint an officer who shall take an inventory of effects, and seal or otherwise secure the same, upon being applied to for the purpose, without delay, whether he shall have concluded the enquiry necessary for citing the party complained of or not.

In case it shall further appear upon such application and examination as aforesaid that danger is to be apprehended of the misappropriation or waste of the property before the summary suit can be determined, and that the delay in obtaining security from the party in possession or the insufficiency thereof is likely to expose the party out of possession to considerable risk provided he be the lawful owner ; it shall be lawful for the Judge to appoint one or more curators with the powers hereinbefore next mentioned, whose authority shall continue according to the terms of his or their respective appointments, and in no case beyond the determination of the summary suit and the confirmation or delivery of possession in consequence thereof ; provided always that, in the case of land, the Judge may delegate to the Collector, or to his officer the powers of a curator, and also that every appointment of a curator in respect of any property be duly published.

The Judge shall have power to authorise such curator either to take possession of the property generally, or until security be given by the party in possession, or until inventories of the property shall have been made, or for any other purpose necessary for securing the property from misappropriation or waste by the party in possession ; provided always that it shall be entirely discretionary with the Judge, whether he shall allow the party in possession to continue in such possession on giving security or not, and any continuance in possession shall be subject to such orders as the Judge may issue touching inventories, or the securing of deeds or other effects.

The Judge shall exact from the curator security for the faithful discharge of his trust, and for rendering satisfactory accounts of the same as hereinafter mentioned, and may authorise him to receive out of the property such remuneration as shall appear reasonable, but in no case exceeding five percentum on the personal property and on the annual profits of the real property. All surplus money realized by the curator shall be paid into Court, and invested in public securities for the benefit of the persons entitled thereto upon adjudication of the summary suit : provided always that, although security shall be required from the curator with all reasonable despatch and, where it is practicable, shall be taken generally to answer all cases for which the person may be afterwards appointed curator, yet no delay in the taking of security shall prevent the Judge from immediately investing the curator with powers of his office.

Where the estate of the deceased person shall consist wholly or in part of land paying revenue to Government, in all matters regarding the propriety of citing the party in possession, of appointing a curator, and of nominating individuals to that appointment, the Judge shall demand a report from the Collector, and the Collector is hereby required to furnish the same. In cases of urgency the Judge may proceed, in the first instance, without such report and he shall not be obliged to act in conformity thereto ; but, in case of his acting otherwise than according to such report, he shall immediately forward a statement of his reasons to the High Court, and the High Court, if it shall be dissatisfied with such reasons, shall direct the Judge to proceed conformably to the report of the Collector.

The curator shall be subject to all orders of the Judge regarding the institution or the defence of suits, and all the suits may be instituted or defended in the name of the curator on behalf of the estate : provided that an express authority shall be requisite in the sanad of the curator's appointment for the collection of debts or rents ; but such express authority shall enable the curator to give a full acquittance for any sums of money received by virtue thereof.

Pending the custody of the property by the curator, it shall be lawful for the Judge to make such allowances to parties having a prima facie right thereto as upon a summary investigation of the rights and circumstances of the parties interested he shall consider that necessity may require, taking, at his discretion, security for the repayment thereof with interest, in case the party shall, upon the adjudication of the summary suit, appear not be entitled thereto.

The curator shall file monthly accounts in abstract, and at the period of every three months, if his administration last so long, and, upon giving up the possession of the property, file a detailed account of his administration to the satisfaction of the Judge.

The accounts of any such curator as is above described shall be open to the inspection of all parties interested ; and it shall be competent for any such interested party to appoint a separate person to keep a duplicate account of all receipts and payments by such curator ; and if it be found that the accounts of any such curator are in arrear, or if they shall be erroneous or incomplete, or if the curator shall not produce them whenever he shall be ordered to do so by the Judge, he shall be liable to a fine not exceeding one thousand rupees for every such default.

After the Judge of any district shall have appointed any curator, such appointment shall preclude the Judge of any other district from appointing any other curator : provided the first appointment be in respect of the whole of the property of the deceased. But if the appointment be only in respect of a portion of the property of the deceased, this shall not preclude the appointment of another curator in respect of the residue or any portion thereof : provided always that no Judge shall appoint a curator or entertain a summary suit in respect of property which is the subject of a summary suit previously instituted under this Act before another Judge : and provided further that, if two or more curators be appointed by different Judges for several parts of an estate, it shall be lawful for the High Court to make such order as it shall think fit for the appointment of one curator of the whole property.

This Act shall not be put in force unless the aforesaid application to the Judge be made within six months of the decease of the proprietor whose property is claimed by right in succession.

This Act shall not be put in force to contravene any public act of settlement, neither in cases in which the deceased proprietor shall have given legal directions for the possession of his property after his decease in the such case, so soon as the judge having jurisdiction over the property or a deceased person shall be satisfied of the existence of such directions, he shall give effect thereof.

This Act shall not be put in force for the purpose of disturbing the possession of the Court of Wards and in case a minor, or other disqualified person whose property shall be subject to the Court of Wards, shall be the party on whose behalf application is made under this Act, the Judge, if he determines to cite the party in possession, and also appoint a curator, shall invest the Court of Wards with the curatorship of the estate pending the suit without taking such security as aforesaid, and in case the minor or other disqualified person shall, upon the adjudication of the summary suit, appear to be entitled to the property, possession shall be delivered to the Court of Wards.

Nothing in this Act contained shall be an impediment to the bringing of a regular suit either by the party whose application may have been rejected before or after citing the party in possession, or by the party who may have been evicted from the possession under this Act.

The decision of the Judge upon the summary suit under this Act shall have no other effect than that of settling the actual possession ; but for this purpose it shall be final, not subject to any appeal or order for review.

19. [Omitted]

20. [Omitted]