section 60
Removal of difficulties.
The Tripura University Act, 1987Chapter VII Chapter VII
| Tripura Act No. 11 of 1987 | THE TRIPURA UNIVERSITY ACT, 1987 i i ) An | Act | 10 establish and incorporate a teaching and affiliating University for the State of Tripura and provide for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. i Be it enacted by the Legislative Assembly of Tripura in the Thirty Eighth | Year of the Republic of India as follows :— : CHAPTER I | Priliminary | Shert title |. (1) This Act may be called the Tripura University Act, 1987. | and comm-
| encement. (2) Itshall come into force on such date as the State Government may,
| by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint and different dates may be appointed for different provisions of this Act. | | Definitons. 2. In this Act, and in the Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations made under | this Act, unless the context otherwise requires :—— | (1) "affiliated" in relation to a college or an institution means affiliated to the Tripura University under this Act; | | (2) "appointed day" means the date referred to in sub-section (2) of | section 1 ; I (3) "autonomous college" means an affiliated or associated college declared as such in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (28) of section 5. | (4) "college" means a college established, maintained or recognized | by, or affiliated to the University and includes a college referred to in sub- co section (2) of section 6 ; ¢ | (5) "convocation" means a meeting of the Senate for the purpose of 2 | conferring degrees, titles, diplomas, certificates or other academic distinctions ; i { (6) "department" means a University Department of studies imparting = instruction and conducting and guiding research at the post graduate or higher 1 levels ; Ra 197 +4 Ei cl
i i (7) "employee" in relation to the University means any person | employed by the University ; | | (8) “financial year" means the year ending on the 31st day of March ; ; ] (9) "Government College" means a college maintained and managed 5 by the State Government ; : | (10) "Governor" means the Governor of the State of Tripura ; : (11) "hostel" or "hall" means a unit residence for Students recognized by the University ;
- (12) "Librarian" means,— i (a) inrelation to the. University, a Librarian or any other person i holding a post of Librarian, by whatever name called, | appointed or recognised as such by the University, and | | (b) inrelation to an affiliated college, a librarian or any other : person holding a post of librarian, by whatever name called, appointed or recognised by the University or appointed by i such college ; i (13) "Minister" means the Minister-in-charge of Education appointed i as such by the Governor ;
- (14) "non-teaching staff" means,—
- (a) in relation to the University, the non-teaching staff, not i holding any teaching post (including part-time teaching post), . appointed or recognised as such by the University ; and | (b) inrelation to an affiliated college, the non-teaching staff, ‘ not holding any teaching post (including part-time teaching | post), appointed or recognised by the University or appointed | by such college, but does not include an officer or a Librarian; Eu | (15) "Officers of the University" means an officer as defined in section 7 ; | i (16) "prescribed" means prescribed by Statutes, Ordinances, Regulations i or Rules made under this Act ; gl (17) "Principal" means the head of a college or of an institution, by i whatever name called ; ¥ (18) "Professional subject" means any of the following subjects, namely, i Law, Medicine, Engineering, Teacher's Training, Technology, Agriculture, i Journalism, Management Studies or such other subjects as may be prescribed by Regulations ; i i | (19) "Statutes" "Ordinance" "Regulations" and "Rules" mean respectively, | the Statutes, Ordinances, Regulations and Rules of the University made i under this Act. | oo (20) "Students' Union", in relation to the University or an affiliated | college, means Students’ Union constituted in the manner prescribed ; | | | (21) "teacher" means a person employed for imparting instructions or | i guiding or conducting research in the University or in a college and includes i a Principal. H | (22) 'Teacher of the University" means a Professor, Reader, Lecturer i | or any other person appointed or recognised as such by the University either | whole-time or part-time for the purpose of imparting instruction or conducting | research in the University ; | . | (23) "University" means the Tripura University as constituted under “i this Act ; d (24) "University Laboratory", "University Library", "University Museum" 1 or "University Institution" means a laboratory, a library, a museum or an | institution, as the case may be, maintained and managed by the University, | whether established by it or not ; | (25) "University Professor”, "University Reader" or "University Lecturer” means a Professor, Reader or Lecturer appointed or recognised as such by the Bsa i University. | 199 | | { | | SEE ee . | CHAPTER 11 ] 3. (1) There shall be established a University by the name of "Tripura TheUniversity. University" i (2) The headquarters of the University shall be at Agartala and it > may also establish campus at such other places within its Jurisdiction as it Lo may deem fit.
- (3) (i) Thefirst Chancellor and the first Vice-Chancellor of the i University and the first members of the Senate and the { Syndicate, and all persons who may hereafter become the i Chancellor or the Vice-Chancellor of the University or the 1 members of the Senate or the Syndicate so long as they ! continue te hold such office or membership shall constitute | a body corporate by the name of the Tripura University. | (ii) The University shall have perpetual succession and a i common seal and shall sue and be sued by the name of the ! Tripura University. 4. (1) The objects of the University shall be to disseminate and advance Objects. ! knowledge by providing instructional and research facilities in such branches of learning as it may deem fit and by the example of its corporate life, and, i in particular, to make special provisions for studies in tribal life and culture i and for integrated courses of Humanities and Science in the educational programmes of the University and take appropriate measures for promoting : inter-disciplinary studies and research in the University. Being the highest and noblest seat of learning, the University shall provide effective leadership in guiding education and promoting research work in various fields and shall also endeavour to promote study of vocational subjects with a view to providing employment opportunities to the students.
- (2) The University shall be open to person of either sex of whatever race, creed, caste or class and it shall not be lawful for the University to adopt | or impose on any person any test whatsoever of religious to adopt or impose | on any person any test whatsoever of religious belief or profession in order to | entitle him to be admitted therein as a teacher or student or to hold any office | therein or to graduate thereat ; ! 200 | | | Provided that nothing in this Section shall be deemed to prevent the | University from making special provisions for the weaker sections of the people, i and, in particular, for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. i Powerofthe 5. The University shall have the following powers namely :— . University. ] (1) to encourage and provide for instruction and training in such branches of learning and courses of study including Anthropology and Sociology EM as it may think fit, to make provision for research and to promote the advancement i and dissemination of knowledge and learning and the extension of higher 1 education ; ! (2) to establish and develop specialised research centres, interdisci- ! plinary centres or similar institutions for studies and to undertake research in { tribal problems, rural development, plantation, forestry, fishery, agriculture ! and horticulture ; . | | (3) to organise specialised diploma, degree or post-graduate courses, | as the case may be, in such subjects as tribal languages, habitat and customs, | rural administration, public administration, policy planning, forestry, floriculture | pesticides, wild life management, pisciculture, and also in subjects like rural | and urban planning, manpower planning, regional resources planning and | development, ecology and environmental studies, agricultural and rural industries | and in such other subjects as may be necessary from time to time ; ! | (4) to organise short courses at the Post-Master or Arts or Post-Master | of Science stage for those who are otherwise suitable for teaching the | non-traditional courses mentioned in clause (3) ; | (5) to make such academic studies as may contribute to the improvement of economic conditions and welfare of the people in general and the tribal | people in particular ;
- (6) to establish, maintain or manage colleges, libraries, laboratories, museums and such other institutions as it may consider fit ;
- (7) torecognise any college or institution as a constituent college or a | professional college and to withdraw such recognition in respect of any such | college or institution ; | ! 201 Eo nui Provided that the provisions of this clause shall not debar other colleges Sa from introducing both Honours and Pass courses ; 2 ol (8) to affiliate to itself any college, institution or Centre and to withdraw $ affiliation of such college, institution or centre ; 3 & 4 (9) toinstitute degrees, titles, diplomas, certificates, and other academic Th distinctions on person who—— Lh (a) shall, unless exempted therefrom in such manner as may be a) prescribed by Statutes, have pursued in an affiliated or 4 constituent college or in the University or in an institution or centre recognised by the University such courses of study { and shall have passed such examination of the University as i may be prescribed, or { : | (b) shall have carried on research under conditions as may be i prescribed ; i (10) to confer honorary degrees or other academic distinctions under i such conditions as may be prescribed ; ! (11) to co-operate with other Universities and edueational authorities | in such manner and for such purposes as the University may determine ; So (12) to institute and to make appointment to professorship, Readership, Lecturership and other teaching posts required by the University in accordance with regulation notified by the University Grants Commission with regard to minimum qualifications ; | (13) toinstitute and award fellowships, scholarships, exhibitions, prizes, | medals and other honours and distinctions ; | | (14) to prescribe demand and receive fees, fines and other charges ; | (15) to establish, maintain and manage hostels, halls and other places H of residence for the students of the University and teachers, officers and other . 1 employees and to recognize such hostels, halls and other places of residence ! and to withdraw recognition therefrom ; | 202 i | (16) to provide for the supervision and control of residence and discipline Ei] of students of the University and to make arrangements for promotion of their i health and general welfare : i (17) to provide for supervision, control and discipline of the teaching { and non-teaching employees of the University in pursuance of the Statutes, ! Ordinances and Regulations ;
- (18) to conduct, co-ordinate, regulate and control the post-graduate | research work and teaching in the University ;
- (19) to prescribe the powers and duties of officers of the University ; jl (20) 10 provide for the inspection, or investigation into the affairs, of a i college or an institution recognized by the University ;
- (21) to create and to make appointment to such administrative, clerical | and other posts under the University as it may deem fit ; i (22) to accept grants from the Central or any State Government or the i University Grants Commission and, with the approval of State Government : from other sources ;
- (23) to raise loans or to accept loans from the Central or the State . Government and with the approval of State Government, from other sources ; |
- (24) to enter into contracts and agreements with the approval of the i Syndicate in furtherance of the objects of the University ;
- (25) to acquire, hold and dispose of properties, movable and immovable, for furthering any of the objects of the University ;
- (26) to make grants for the maintenance of the National Cadet Corps and the National Social Service ;
- (27) generally to do all such acts and things as may be necessary or desirable for, or incidental to the advancement of the objects or purposes of the University ;
- (28) (a) Notwithstanding anything contained in the preceding provisions, | the University may grant in the manner prescribed, to a
- • J | on 4 college which satisfies the conditions prescribed in this behalf, the privileges of BE 4 varying, for the students receiving instructions in such college, the courses of ie study prescribed by the University and holding examinations in the courses so Eo varied. ha 4 (b) Such a college shall be declared in the manner prescribed an Hr autonomous college. Co (29) To recognise an Institution of higher learning or a laboratory or i institutions of similar nature for such purposes as the University may determine aE and to withdraw such recognition. # io] 6. (1) Save as otherwise provided in this Act, the local limits of jurisdiction jurisdiction i i i of the University (hereinafter referred to as the teritorial limits of the University), of the ded shall extend to the whole of Tripura : University. i i (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time “sey being in force, with effect from such date as the State Government may by i notification in the Official Gazette, appoint in this behalf (hereinafter in this “ section referred to as the said date) , —- i | | (a) such college existing on the said date within the limits of the | State of Tripura as may be specified in the notification shall— etl | (i) be deemed to be affiliated to the University and cotinue oH to be so affiliated until the University otherwise directs ; i and— Seu! (ii) Cease to be affiliated to the University of Calcutta or ) Ye] any other University to which they may have been §5l) affiliated before the said date ; oo (b) any teacher, principal or member of the Governing Body of i any such college holding, by virtue of his being such Teacher, i Principal or Member, any office in or under the University of | Calcutta or any of the authorities of the said University shall i cease to hold such office ; Som (c) no college or institution situated within the territorial limits { of the jurisdiction of the University, but not admitted to its | privileges shall be associated with or be admitted to the # i privileges of any other University except with the previous | approval of the Staie Government.
- (3) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other Law for the time | being in force, from the date appointed for the purpose,—
- (i) the Calcutta University Post-graduate Centre at Agartala, administered by the Tripura Council under the provisions of i the Calcutta University Act, 1979, shall stand dissolved and all property, movable and immovable, and rights, powers and privileges of the said Centre shall be transferred to and vest in the University and shall be applied to the objects and ! purposes for which the University is established ; | (ii) all the faculties including the departments of such faculties of the said postgraduate centre shall be deemed to be established and run by the University under the corresponding provisions of this Act, as if all such faculties including their i departments were established and run under the provisions of this Act by the University ; | (iii) all debts, liabilities and obligations of the said post-graduate i centre shall be transferred to the University and shall there- | after be discharged and satisfied by it ; ! (iv) all references in any enactment to the said post-graduate | centre shall be construed as reference to the University established under this Act ;
- (v) any will, deed or other documents, whether made or executed before or after the commencement of this Act, which contains any bequest, gift or trust in favour of the said post-graduate centre, shall be construed as if the University i was therein named instead of the said post-graduate centre. i (vi) subject to the provisions of this Act, every person employed | till immediately before the said date in the said post-graduate | centre, shall, with effect from the date, become an employee ] of the University in the same tenure and upon the same i 205 | corned | So ag conditions of service or conditions as similar thereto as changed { circumstances may permit, as he would have held under the said Ee post-graduate centre, if such notification had not been issued. i (4) The University may delegate such of its powers as it may deem Delegation and expedient to any of the authorities constituted under section 16 or to any of of powers to { its officers, and may, at any time, withdraw at its discretion any power so Subordinate 3 i delegated. authorities. oy ; x Pros Officers of ie 7. The following shall be the officers of the University : the University. Ne (i) the Chancellor, ] (ii) the Vice-Chancellor, ! (iii) the Registrar, ag (iv) the Finance Officer, Bi (v) the Deans of Faculties, | | (vi) the Controller of Examinations and
- (vii) such other persons in the service of the University as the . University may declare to be Officers of the University. | 8. (1) The Governor of Tripura shall be the Chancellor of the University. The Chancellor. | (2) The Chancelior shall, by virtue of his office, be the Head of J the University and shall, if present, preside over the convocations of the A University held for conferring degrees. i (3) The Chancellor shall have the right to cause an inspection to be made by such person or persons as he may direct, of the University, its buildings, laboratories and equipment and of any college or institution maintained by the University or admitted to its privileges, and also of the examinations, teaching and other work conducted to its privileges, and also of the examinations, teaching and other work conducted or done by the University and to cause an enquiry to be made in like manner in respect of io] any matter connected with the administration or finances of the University, A Colleges or Institutions. | (4) The Chancellor shall in every case, give notice of his intention to cause an inspection or inquiry to be made,. (a) to the University if such | = soe] pi | inspection or inquiry is to be made in respect of the University, College or pied] Institution maintained by it, or (b) to the Governing Body of the College or : Institution, through the Vice-Chancellor if the inspection or inquiry is to be | made in respect of College or any Institution admitted to the privileges of i the University not maintained by the University, and the University or the So Governing Body as the case may be, shall on receipt of such notice have the a right to make such representation to the Chancellor as it may consider necessary. se) (5) After considering the representations, if any, made by the University ci] or the Governing Body as the case may be, the Chancellor may cause to be sd made such inspection or inquiry as is referred to in sub-section (3) of this : Section. : f (6) Where any inspection or inquiry has been caused to be made by | the Chancellor, the University or the Governing Body as the case may be shall be entitled to appoint a representative who shall have the right to be present | and be heard at, such inspection or inquiry. | | (7) The Chancellor, may, if the inspection or inquiry is made in | respect of the University or any College or Institution maintained by it, i address the Vice-Chancellor with reference to the result of such inspection or | inquiry, and the Vice-Chancellor shall communicate to the Syndicate the views ! of the Chancellor with such advice as the Chancellor may be pleased to offer | upon the action to be taken thereon. | (8) The Chancellor may, if the inspection or inquiry is made in respect i of any College or institution admitted to the privileges of the university and not maintained by the University, address the Governing Body concerned | through the Vice-Chancellor with reference to the result of such inspection or | inquiry, his views thereon and such advice as he may be pleased to offer upon the action to be taken thereon.
- • (9) The Syndicate or the Governing Body as the case may be, shall communicate through the Vice-Chancellor to the Chancellor such action, if i any, as it is proposed to take or has been upon the result of such inspection or inquiry. : | (10) Where the Syndicate or the Governing Body does not within any | reasonable time take action to the satisfaction of the Chancellor, the Chancellor | 207 | ! | { may, after considering any explanation furnished or representation made by ! the Syndicate or Governing Body issue such directions he may think fit and the | Syndicate or Governing Body, as the case may be, shall comply with such directions. is | (11) Without prejudice to the foregoing provisions of this section, the 5a] Chancellor may, by order in writing, annul any proceedings of the University i { which is not in conformity with this Act, the Statutes or Ordinances. i Provided that before making any such order, the Chancellor shall call ad upon the University to show cause why such an order shall not be made, and if Eh } any cause is shown within a reasonable time he shall consider the same.
- (12) Every proposal for the conferment of an honorary degree shall be i subject to the confirmation of the Chancellor. | (13) The Chancellor, may, at such intervals as he may decide appoint | Committee to recommend the annual grants to be paid to the University for i fulfilment of its objectives. | i (14) The Chancellor shall exercise such other powers and perform such other functions as may be conferred on or vested in him by or under the provisions of the Act or be prescribed by the Statutes. | 9. (1) The Vice Chancellor shall be a whole-time salaried officer of the The Vice- : University and shall be appointed by the Chancellor from amongst a panel Chancellor. : of not less than three names submitted to him in alphabetical order by a i Committee consisting of the following:
- (a) A nominee of the Chancellor
- (b) A nominee of the Syndicate ! (¢) A nominee of the State Government ; and § (d) A nominee of the Chairman, University Grants Commission. | The Chancellor shall appoint one of the members of the Committee as | the convener. ) | 208 ey oe Provided that none of the members of the '[committee]panel shall be an Toad employee of the University or a member of any authority of the University or eo connected with any approved institution or college or institution recognised by Eo a or associated with the University. - Ge Provided further that if the Chancellor does not approve any of the Be persons included in the panel he may call for a fresh panel. a = (2) (a) The Vice-Chancellor shall hold office for a term of three a years or till he attains the age of 65 years, whichever is a] earlier, unless sooner removed by an order of the Chancellor, Si and shall subject to the provisions of this section, be eligible Sa for reappointment for another term of three years or till he : attains the age of 65 years whichever is earlier. le Provided that no Vice-Chancellor should be removed from office except Hi by an order passed by the Chancellor on the ground of misbehaviour, misman- A agement, incapacity or misuse of powers after due enquiry by a serving or ie retired Judge of the Supreme Court or High Court appointed by the Chancellor | with the approval of the Syndicate. |
- (b) The Chancellor may, notwithstanding the expiration of the | term of the office of the Vice-Chancellor or his attaining the | age of 65 years, allow him to continue in office till a successor | assumes office, provided that he shall not continue as such | for any period exceeding six months. i (3) The Vice Chancellor may resign his office by writing under his { hand addressed to the Chancellor ; 2 4) if— ’ 1 (a) the Vice-Chancellor is, by reasons of leave, illness or any | other cause, temporarily unable to exercise the powers and ! perform the duties of his office, or
- (b) a vacancy occurs in the office of the Vice-Chancellor by reason . of death, resignation or expiry of the term of his office or H otherwise, then, during the period of such temporary inability, or pending the appointment of a Vice-Chancellor, as the case sad may be, the Chancellor may appoint the seniormost Dean of 2 Faculty to exercise the power and perform the current duties of Vice-Chancellor. | 1. substinued by The Tripura University (Amendment) Act, 1990 w.e.f. 10.9.1990. | | BREN (5) The vacancy in the office of the Vice-Chancellor occurring by oe reason of death, resignation or expiry of the term of his office or otherwise Ek { shall be filled up by appointment of a Vice-Chancellor in accordance with the i provisions of sub-section (1) within a period of six months from the date of occurrence of the vacancy. TES Powers of 10. (1) The Vice-Chancellor shall be the principal executive and academic g The Vice- officer of the University. He shall by virtue of his office be the ex-officio Se Chancellor. Chairman of the Senate, the Syndicate, the Academic Council, the Planning Ha Board and the Finance Committee and also the Chairman of any other HE authority or body of the University of which he may be a member. He shall in ; the absence of the Chancellor preside at the Convocation of the University as held for conferring degrees. He shall also be entitled to be present at and to address any meeting of any other authority or body of the University of which ad he may not be a member, but shall not be entitled to vote thereat. | (2) The Vice-Chancellor shall have the power to convene meeting of | the Senate, the Syndicate, the Academic Council and of any other authority or | body of the University. | (3) It shall be the duty of the Vice-Chancellor to ensure that the ! provisions of this Act and the Statutes, the Ordinances and the Regulations are faithfully observed, and to take such action as may be necessary for this purpose.
- (4) The Vice-Chancellor shall exercise general control over the affairs of the University and shall give effect to the decisions of the authorities | of the University.
- (5) The Vice-Chancellor shall exercise such other powers and rl discharge such other duties as may be delegated to him by any authority or ; body of the University or as may be prescribed by Statutes, Ordinances or ; Regulations. | (6) The Vice-Chancellor may take on behalf of the University such action as he may deem expedient in any matter which, in his opinion is either i urgent or of an emergent nature and shall report the same for confirmation at the next meeting of the authority or body which, in the ordinary course, would | have dealt with the matter : Provided that if the action taken by the Vice-Chancellor is not approved | by the authority or body constituted under this Act, the matter shall immediately | be referred to the Chancellor whose decision thereon shall be final : | 210 | | | | Sal Sa Sa : EE Provided further that any person in the service of the University who is Eg | aggrieved by the action taken by the Vice-Chancellor under this sub-section et have the right to appeal against such action to the Syndicate within 3 (three) &e | months from the date on which decision on such action is communicated to fi him and thereupon the Syndicate may confirm, modify or reverse the action bE taken by the Vice-Chancellor.
- • g (7) The Vice-Chancellor may, with the approval of the Syndicate, at pa ! any time delegate any of his powers other than the powers referred to in sub- Ba section (6) to any officer subordinate to him. bi i (8) The Vice-Chancellor shall be empowered to grant leave to any ait officer. 3 (9) The Vice-Chancellor shall be empowered to grant feave to any rag] officer of the University other than the Chancellor and the Vice-Chancellor | in accordance with such rules as may be prescribed and to make necessary & | arrangements for discharge of the functions of such officers during such | absence. | (10) The Vice-Chancellor shall grant leave of absence to any employee i of the University in accordance with the rules framed and he may, if he so | desires, delegate this power in relation to non-teaching staff to another officer i of the University.
- (11) The Vice-Chancellor shall have the power to convene or cause | to be convened the meetings of the Senate, the Syndicate, the Academic
- • i Council, the Planning Board and the Finance Committee. Lo 11. (1) The Registrar shall be a whole-time officer of the University and The Registrar. 1 shall be appointed by the Syndicate on the recommendation of a Committee consisting of the Vice-Chancellor as Chairman, two fominees of the Syndicate, i anominee of the Chancellor and a nominee of the State Government. He shall N be appointed for such period and on such terms and conditions as may be prescribed. i (2) The Registrar may resign his office by writing under his hand | addressed to the Vice-Chancellor. | (3) If the Registrar is for any reason temporarily unable to exercise the powers or perform the duties of his office, the Vice-Chancellor may, with the i i | i | i] approval of the Syndicate, appoint a teacher of the University or an officer of kE the University temporarily for a total period not exceeding six months to cd exercise the powers and perform the duties of the Registrar. | Powersand 12. Subject to the supervision, direction and general control of the Vice- i dutiesof the Chancellor, the Registrar shall act as the ex-officio Secretary of the Senate i Registrar. ,¢ 4150 of the Syndicate, the Academic Council, the Planning Board and the i Faculties and shal! not be deemed to be a member of any of the authorities. He i | shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as may be prescribed, may i be assigned to him by the Vice-Chancellor or delegated to him by or under the . ‘ provisions of this Act, and the Statutes, the Ordinances or the Regulations, as : the case may be. + The Finance 13 (1) The Finance Officer shall be a whole-time Officer of the University 1 Officer. and shall be appointed by the Syndicate on deputation from an Organised | Accounts Service for a period of not exceeding five years on such terms and conditions as may be prescribed. | | (2) The Finance Officer shall be the ex-officio Secretary of the | Finance Committee or Committees constituted by it but shall not be deemed a : member of the Finance Committee. : (3) If the Finance Officer is for any reason temporarily unable to ! exercise the powers or perform the duties of his office, the Vice-Chancellor | may, with the approval of the Syndicate, appoint a person temporarily for a | total period not exceeding six months to exercise the powers and perform the i duties of the Finance Office. | Powersand 14. (1) Subject to the supervision, direction and general control of the duties of vijce.Chancellor, the Finance Officer shall be in charge of the administration pt of the funds, the finances and the properties and assets of the University and of : all trusts and endowments ; and he shall take special interest in activities that i aim at raising funds for the purposes of the University and augmenting resources of the University. ) (2) The Finance Officer shail exercise such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed or delegated to him by or under the provisions of this Act and the Statutes, the Ordinances or the Regulations, as | the case may be. | | 212 | St] Hout i 15. The Registrar, shall be the Principal Administrative Officer of the Supervisory | University. Power of the Registrar “ . . . . . A d Fi Provided that in their respective spheres of duties and subject to otcer | supervision, direction and control of the Vice-Chancellor, the Registrar po and the Finance Officer shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, have the : power of supervision and control over all officers and employees serving in Sen departments under their charge and shall exercise such disciplinary power as a] may be conferred on them by or under this Act or by Statutes or Ordinances. i : 16. Every Dean of Faculty shall be appointed in such manner and shall Deans of Sa exercise such powers and perform his duties as may be prescribed by the Faculties. el Statutes. Each Dean of Facuity shall be appointed by the Vice-Chancellor from among the Professors in the Faculty for a period of three years and shall be eligible for reappointment. | Provided that a Dean on attaining the age of 60 years shall cease to hold | office as such. | 17. The Controller of Examinations shall be a whole-time officer of the Controller | University and shall be appointed by the Syndicate on the recommendation of of Exami- i a Committee consisting of the Vice-Chancellor as Chairman, two nominees "ations: | of the Syndicate, a nominee of the Chancellor and a nominee of the State Government. He shall be appointed for such period and on such terms and | conditions as may be prescribed. | CHAPTER II i Authorities of the University | 18. The following shall be the authorities of the University :— Authorities of the University. i (1) The Senate ; i (2) The Syndicate ; | (3) Academic Council ; 3 (4) Boards of Faculties ; | | (5) The Finance Committee ; eid | = EE Se (6) The Planning Board ; tans (7) Such other authorities as may be established under the Statutes. SH The Senate. 19. (1) The Senate shall consist of the following members :— 3 5 (a) Ex-Officio members ; —
- (i) the Chancellor ; wad (ii) the Vice-Chancellor ; : (iii) the Deans of the Faculty Councils for Post-Graduate ¥ Studies ; i: ; (iv) the Heads of the Post-Graduate Departments ; ; ; (v) the Secretary, Education Department, Government of i Tripura ; ! (vi) the Secretary, Finance Department, Government of <1 Tripura or his nominee not below the rank of Deputy ; Secretary to the Government of Tripura ; § (vii) the Secretary, Law Department, Government of Tripura; i (viii) the President, Tripura Board of Secondary Education ; : | (ix) the Principals of Constituted Constitutent Colleges ; '[and] X i ?[(x) the Director of Higher Education, Government of Tripura; ] | (b) Elected members ; i 3[(i) Not more than three Professors of the University, other | than Heads of Departments, belonging to Departments under separate Faculty Councils for Post-Graduate . Studies, elected jointly by the Professors of the University.] | 4[(ii) notmore than 3 Readers and 3 Lecturers of the University, | other than Heads of the Departments, elected by the i Teachers of the University.] | | 1 Inserted by The Tripura University (Amendment) Act, 1990, w.e.f. 10.9.1990. | | | | 214 i | ol EH B . ATA ETE & | '[(iii) Fifteen Teachers, other than Principals, of whom at least two : q shall be women, two shall be from amongst the Teachers oy belonging to the Scheduled Tribes and two shall be from Bi amongst the Teachers belonging to the Scheduled Castes | community respectively, elected by the Teachers of affiliated Sa Colleges from amongst themselves, provided that the number i) of such representatives of the College Teachers will be So proportionately reduced by the Chancellor on the advice of & : | the State government in case the College gets the autonomous io status] ; <5 : (iv) three Teachers other than Principles of whom at least one ] shall be a woman elected by the Teachers of Affiliated Colleges from amongst themselves ;
- (v) three Principals of which at least one from Professional | Colleges elected by the Principals from amongst themselves ; i
- (vi) two members of the Tripura Legislative Assembly elected by | the members of the Tripura Legislative Assembly ; | (vii) one member of the Tripura Tribal Area Autonomous District ! Council to be elected by the members of the District Council ; i | (viii) three regular post-graduate students of the University, of | whom at least one shall be a lady student, elected by an | electoral college of such students constitute in the manner | prescribed. | | 2[(ix) Six regular under-graduate students of the Affiliated Colleges ! one of whom shall be a lady student, one shall be from | amongst the students belonging to Scheduled Tribes and one 4 shall be from amongst the students belonging to Scheduled ! Castes, elected by an electoral College of such students | constituted in the manner prescribed. ] i | i | E Explanation 1 :- "Regular post-graduate student” or as the case may be eo Regular under-graduate student shall mean a student who has been prosecuting his Bo studies in a Post-Graduate Department of the University under any Faculty for Ey | Post-graduate studies or as the case may be in an affiliated college and who is not in go default of payment of the prescribed tuition fees and other dues of the University or g & | as the case may be of the College till such date as may be notified by the University 5 in this behalf.
- • Explanation II :- Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Act, a member elected under this clause shail hold office for a period of two years ay from the date of his election or till he ceases to be a regular post-graduate or Sool under-graduate student of the University whichever is earlier ; Ger '[(x) five Registered Graduates of the University living within the Py { territorial jurisdiction of the University to be elected by such 5 i Registered Graduates from amongst themselves. ] fo (xi) one Research Scholar or Research Fellow of the University i | elected by such Research Scholars and Research Feliows in | the manner prescribed. i 3 i Explanation I :- "Research Scholar" or "Research Feliow" shall mean a | wholetime Research Scholar or Research Fellow of the University who receives i a stipend from the University. § i Explanation II :- Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Act, i | a Research Scholar or Research Fellow elected under this clause shall hold : : office for a period of two years from the date of his election or till he ceases to ae] be a Research Scholar or Research Fellow of the University ; ES (xii) one member elected by the members of the non-teaching ; staff of the University from amongst themselves and one k i member elected by the members of non-teaching staff of the Colleges from amongst themselves ; i (xiii) one member elected by the officers of the University from Sided amongst themselves ; ; | I. Inserted by The Tripura University (Amendment) Aci, 1990, w.e.f.10.9.1990. Fe 216 = E | (xiv) one member elected by the Librarians of the University and i of the Colleges affiliated to the University from amongst | themselves ; | '[(c) Nominated members :] | (i) four persons to be nominated by the State Government of HUSA whom—
- (a) one shall be from, the members of the registered trade { Unions within the territorial jurisdiction of the University,
- (b) one shall be a primary school teacher within the terri- torial jurisdiction of the University, i (c) one shall be a secondary School teacher within the ; territorial jurisdiction of the University, | (d) one shall be a member of the peasant organisations . within the territorial jurisdiction of the University, | (ii) two persons having special interest in the University, of whom | one shall be a person representing the Professions of industry i or agriculture and one shall-be a person having interest in the welfare of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes community nominated by the Chancellor. mt a He a Hm ea
- (2) Allelections to the Senate shall be held in the manner prescribed by Statutes. | 20. The Senate shall be an advisory body and subject to the provisions of | this Act, it shall have the following powers and functions, namely :— Powers and functions of
- (i) toreview from time to time, the broad policies and programmes the Senate. ! of the University and to suggest measures for the improvement and development of the University ;
- (ii) to consider and pass resolutions on the annual report and the annual accounts of the University and the audit report thereon ; | i | | | 2 (iii) to advise the Chancellor in respect of any matter which may be referred to it for advice, and to perform such other | duties and exercise such other functions as may be | assigned to it by this Act or the Statutes or by the Chancellor ; ! (iv) to review from time to time the activities of the Syndicate Se and issue guidelines where necessary. 4 21. (1) The Senate shall meet at least thrice in a financial year, other than 8 J for convocation, on dates to be fixed by the Vice-Chancellor. One of such | Meeting of meetings shall be called the Annual Meeting. The Senate may also meet at i the Senate. such other times as it may, from time to time, decide.
- (2) One-third of the total number of members of the Senate plus one Teed) shall be a quorum for a meeting of the Senate : % ; | Provided that such quorum shall not be required at a convocation. Te i (3) The Vice-Chancellor may, whenever he thinks fit, and shall, upon 5 | a requisition in writing by not less than one-third of the total number of | members of the Senate, convene a meeting of the Senate. A meeting on such ’ requisition shall be held within fifteen days of the receipt of the requisition i by the Vice-Chancellor. | 22. (1) The Syndicate shall consist of the following members :— | The Syndicate. (a) The Vice-Chancellor, | (b) Three Deans of Faculties by rotation, . (c) Two Principals of Colleges by rotation one of whom shall i be a woman nominated by the Chancellor, i (d) One Professor, one Reader and one Lecturer by rotation | nominated by the Vice-Chancellor,
- (e) A nominee of the Chancellor. i (f) A nominee of the Chairman, U.G.C. | (g) A nominee of the State Government, et ! (h) Two members of the Senate to be elected by the Senate | from among its elected members none of whom shall be an | employee of the University or a College or a recognised | institution or a student. | . | 218 i | | S25 . ii ea AC GORE RENT A on pr | '[() Two Teachers from colleges by rotation nominated by the H Chancellor.] i (2) One-third of the total number of members of the Syndicate shall 1 be a quorum for a meeting of the Syndicate. i | 23. Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Syndicate shall exercise the ! following powers and perform the following functions :— { . An ji . Powers and Ba (i) toinitiate proposals for the making of Statutes and Ordinances functions of i including proposals for amendment or repeal thereof, in the ye syndicate. i manner hereafter provided ;
2 Inserted ibid.
3 Substituted ibid.
4 Substituted ibid.
1 Substituted by The Tripura University (Amendment) Act, 1990, w.e.f. 10.9.1990.
2 Substituted ibid.
1 Inserted by The Tripura University (Amendment) Act, 1990. w.e.f. 10.9.1990.
2 Deleted by The Tripura University (Amendment) Act, 1990, wef. 10.9.1990.
i (ii) torecommend to the Chancellor the establishment of University
1 Inserted by The Tripura University (Amendment) Act, 1990, w.ef. 10.9.1990.
peparments Institutions, Centres, Libraries, Laboratories Rad and Museums for study and research ; % (ii1) to maintain University Department, University Institutions, 1 University Libraries, University Laboratories and University pA Museums ; | (iv) to establish, maintain and manage hostels and halls ; i (v) todirect the inspection of University Libraries, University i Laboratories, University Museums, hostels and halls ; i H (vi) to recommend to the Chancellor, after consulting the i Academic Council, the Institutions of fellowships, travelling | fellowships, studentships, stipends, bursaries, exhibitions, ! medals and prizes, the expenses of which shall be met from | the University Fund, and to award the same after institution | thereof by the University ; A | (vii) torecommend to the Chancellor, after consulting the Academic Council, the creation and institution of Professorships, Readerships, Lecturerships and such posts as may be necessary ! for the establishment of the University Departments, Institutions, Colleges, Libraries, Laboratories and Museums ; i (viii) to create, with the approval of the State Government, posts gl of officers, teachers and other employees of the University or | to recommend to the Senate for creation of posts of officers | and teachers of the University ; ! we 219 |
o : (ix) to appoint teachers and employees of the University and to fix their emoluments and define their duties and other terms i and conditions of service in accordance with the Statutes and the Ordinances and to suspend, discharge or otherwise punish in accordance with the Ordinances such teachers,
a | officers and employees ;
: (x) to pass appropriate orders on the basis of the recommendation of the Academic Council regarding affiliation of a college or an institution or a centre in one or more subjects or withdrawal of affiliation or recognition of a college or institution or a centre ;
- (xi) to make draft of Statutes, on the recommendation of the respective Council for under-graduate studies, for colleges, i prescribing the constitution, powers and functions of their | Governing Bodies ; | (xii) to determine, with the approval of the State Government, i the terms and conditions of service of Librarians and non- | teaching staff ; | ‘ | (xiii) to make rules for Teacher's Council for colleges and, with | the approval of the State Government, rules for provident | fund for colleges ; | (xiv) to prescribe and collect fees or charges for registration of | students and their admission to courses of studies organised by the University for holding examinations, for the award of i degrees, diplomas and certificates, and for other like i purposes ; : (xv) to recommend to the Chancellor, after consulting the . Academic Council, the institution of degrees, titles, diplomas, certificates and other academic distinctions ;
- (xvi) to recommend to the Chancellor, on the advice of the appro- priate body, the conferment of degrees, titles, diplomas, certificates and other academic distinctions on persons who have pursued prescribed courses of studies or have been exempted therefrom in the prescribed manner, and have i passed such examination, or have carried on research under i such conditions, as may be prescribed ; | (xvii) to recommend to the Chancellor the conferment of honorary degrees and other academic distinctions ; | 220 | | | oo . | | ss BN Sea aa " . ne ; icy) (xviii) to make regulations regarding the examinations which shall EH be recognized as the equivalent examinations held by the Eo University ; : 2 (xix) to make regulations regarding the conduct of examinations Sea held by the University and the conditions under which be students may be admitted to the different courses of Fa studies of and the examinations held by the University ; : (xx) to make regulations regarding all other matters which may be or are required to be prescribed or provided by regulations: : (xxi) to provide for co-operation and reciprocity among colleges, ] institutions and laboratories and the University so as to ; foster development of academic life and to ensure the i fullest utilisation of the teaching resources available on the | recommendation of the respective faculty Council for 1 under-graduate studies ; i g 1 (xxii) to give directions regarding the form, custody and use of { the common seal of the University ; | + Sd (xxiii) to acquire, hold and dispose of property, movable and Bl immovable, and to administer all assets, properties and funds i of the University and to undertake all measures necessary 1 or desirable for the conservation or augmentation of the Hl of the resources of the Unversity ; h | Provided that for the purpose of disposing of any property valued at not A less than one lakh of rupees previous approval of the Senate shall be necessary ;
- (xxiv) toacceptand administer gifts, endowments and benefactions for the furtherance of the purposes of this Act ;
- (xxv) toaccept grants and, with the approval of the State Govern- ment, to raise or accept loans on behalf of the University ] and to make grants or advances from the University Fund Bl or other Special funds maintained by the University ; jl 221 | { i (xxvi) to manage the Press Establishment, the Publication Bureau with i the approval of the State Government with any person, body or : authority for the taking over by the University of the i management of any college or institution including its assets and liabilities, or any college or institution including its assets and i liabilities, or for any other purpose not repugnant to the provisions of this Act on the recommendation of the Faculty Council for post- graduate studies or the Council for under-graduate studies concerned ; (xxvii) to manage the Press Establishment, the Publication Bureau y and the Employment Bureau of the University and to 1 exercise general supervision over Students’ Unions, University Extension Board and University Sports Board, | if any, and other bodies instituted by the University ; { (xxviii) to approve the Annual Statement of Accounts and the | Annual Financial Estimates of the University and submit i the same to the Senate for consideration ; i | i (xxix) to prepare the annual report and submit the same to the i Senate for consideration ; | (xxx) to make due provisions for the health, welfare, residence | and discipline of students and their relationship with the i University and to provide for such other training of students | as may be considered desirable ; i : (xxxi) to co-operate with other Universities, institutions, associations, i societies or bodies on such terms and for such purposes, not inconsistent with the purpose of this Act, as it may determine; ji (xxxii) to make rules for the transaction of its own business ; | (xxxiii) to make rules for the transaction of its own business ; (xxxiii) to prescribe on the recommendation of the Academic Council SE the minimum qualifications for the posts of Principal, teachers i and teachers of the University ; | SEE Shi 1 (xxxiv) to hold and conduct University examinations leading to > degrees, diplomas and certificates and to approve and | publish the results thereof in accordance with the regulations | made in this behalf ; Ea | (xxxv) to exercise all other powers and perform academic functions | conferred and imposed on the Syndicate by or under this Act; Gi #1 24. (1) The Academic Council shall be the principal academic body of 1 the University and subject to the provisions of this Act, the Statutes and the tF Ordinances— Academic Council. Sd (a) shall have the control and general regulations of and be Sek responsible for the maintenance of standard of instruction, FE | education and research carried on or imparted in the a University ; foe Se | (b) may advise the Syndicate on all academic matters including : | matters relating to examinations conducted by the £ | University ; and shall have such powers and duties as may be conferred or imposed i | upon it by the Statutes. | i (2) The Academic Council shall consist of the following members, E | namely— | (i) the Vice-Chancellor ; | (ii) the Deans of all Faculties ; i (iii) All Heads of Departments of the University and where there i is no department in a subject in the University, the seniormost | teacher from affiliated colleges, representing that subject on | the Faculty concerned ; yy | (iv) all Professors of the University who are not Heads of Departments ; | | | i 223 Es HE i | #* : saa (v) the Principals of colleges ; ta (vi) fifteen teachers to be nominated by the Vice-Chancellor by rotation according to seniority. Bn i (vii) five persons of academic eminence to be nominated by the : Chancellor. d (3) The term of office of members other than ex-officio members shall a i be such as may be prescribed. a Powers and 25. (1) Powers and functions of the Academic Council shall be— aa functions of a bmi (i) to scrutinize and make its recommendations on proposals Enid ii submitted by the Boards of Studies through the Faculties in Se regard to the course of study and to recommend principals End and criteria on which examiners and the inspectors may be a appointed, for consideration of the Syndicate ; po i (ii) to report on any matter referred or entrusted to it by the
- • i Syndicate ; Sead (iti) to advise the Syndicate in regard to the Universities and ie) institutions and in regard to their equivalence with the Hi { diplomas and degrees of the University ; EE (iv) to advise the Syndicate in regard to the qualifications f= % : required to be possessed by persons imparting instruction in ti i particular subjects for the various degrees and diplomas of ; the University; and
- (v) toperform in relation to academic matters all such duties and todo all such acts as may be necessary for the proper wo] carrying out of the provisions of the Act, the Statutes and the Ordinances. ir] (2) The meetings of the Academic Council shall be called under the | directions of the Vice-Chancellor. The Faculties. 26. (1) The University shall have such Faculties as may be prescribed. | 224 | | fess)
- (2) Each Faculty shall comprise such departments of teaching as may be | prescribed and each department shall have such subjects of study as may be as- : | signed to it by the Ordinance.
- (3) There shall be a Board of each Faculty, the constitution (including end the term of office of its members) and powers and duties of which shall be i such as may be prescribed.
- • (4) There shall be a Dean of each Faculty who shall be chosen from amongst the Professors by rotation in order of seniority and shall hold office for three years and their terms and conditions of holding office shall be | prescribed in Statutes. . (5) The Dean shall be the Chairman of the Board of Faculty and be 1 responsible for— i (a) the organization and conduct of the teaching and research 1 work of departments comprised in the Faculty ; and | (b) the due observance of the Statutes, Ordinances and Regulations i related to the Faculty. { i (6) In each Department of teaching in the University, there shall be a I Head of the Department whose appointment shall be regulated by Statutes. | | (7) The Head of Department shall be responsible to the Dean for the | organization of teaching in the Department and have such other powers and | duties as may be provided in the Ordinance.
- (8) There shall be constituted in accordance with the provisions of the Ordinances, Boards of Studies in respect of different subjects of study and more than one subject may be assigned to one Board of Studies. 27. There shall be a Finance Committee with the Vice-Chancellor as the pe pinance ; Chairman. The Constitution, powers and functions of the Finance Committee Committee. shall be prescribed by Statutes and its procedure in financial matters, including the delegation of its powers, shall be prescribed by Ordinance. EE 28. (1) There shall be constituted in the University a Planning Board which py, 040 A shall be the principal planning body of the University and be responsible for Board. : 225 | i | the monitoring of the development of the University on the lines as laid down | in the objects of the University. i (2) The Planning Board shall be presided over by the Vice-Chancellor | and shall include nine other members to be nominated by the Syndicate out of <i whom six shall be from within the University and three from outside. | (3) All members of the Planning Board other than the Vice-Chancellor | shall hold office for a term of three years. i (4) The Planning Board shall in addition to all other powers vested | on it by this Act have the right to advise the Syndicate and the Academic 4] Council on any matter which it may deem necessary for the fulfilment of the 4 objects of the University. < | (5) The Planning Board may constitute Committee or Committees | for the planning or monitoring of the programmes of the University. { | | (6) The Planning Board shall meet at such intervals as it may deem . | expedient but it shall meet at least thrice a year. i 29. A University Professor or a University Reader or a University Lecturer | Mode of shall be appointed by the Syndicate on the basis of the recommendation of a 1 appointment ection committee consisting :— i of teachers. | (i) Vice-Chancellor ; : | (ii) One nominee of the Chancellor ; : | (iii) Three outside experts in the subject concerned to be invited | out of the list approved by the Syndicate ; ! (iv) The Dean of the Faculty concerned. | 30. (1) Four members, of whom at least two shail be persons having i Procedure special knowledge, of the subject concerned, shall be a quorum for a meeting i for holding of 3 Selection Committee. 3 { meetings of BATH selection ) ) i. a Selecti | Committee. 2) If the Syndicate does not accept the recommendation ofa Se ection Se Committee, it shall refer the recommendation stating reasons for not accepting 1 it to the Chancellor and the decision of the Chancellor shail be final. wl 226 | | i J 31. (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in section 29 or section 30, og until the constitution of a selection Committee referred to therein, a University Special Pro- 5 Professor or a University Reader or a University Lecturer shall be appointed by Vision for i the Tripura University Council, referred to in sub-section (i) of section 54 on poner i the recommendation of a Selection Committee, constituted by the said Council g teaching | in such manner as it thinks fit, which shall include as its member at least one posts. | person not holding any office of profit under the University and having special H knowledge of the subject, which the Professor or the Reader or the Lecturer, as 4 the case may be, will teach, nominated by the Chancellor.
- (2) If the Tripura University Council does not accept the recommen- dations of the Selection Committee the provisions of sub-section (2) of Section 30 shall apply mutatis mutandis. 32. (1) Every Teacher, every officer and every employee of the Univer- | sity shall, on appointment as such, be provided with letter of appointment Letter of containing such terms and conditions of appointment as may be prescribed by appointment Tall Ordinances. ices “ | (2) A teacher or an officer or an employee against a permanent Nias te . i vacancy shall be on probation ordinarily for a period of one year from the date of such appointment and such period of probation may, at the discretion of the ] appropriate authority of the University, be extended for a further period not i exceeding one year. | | | (3) If, at any time during the period of probation, the probationer's | work is not considered satisfactory, the probationer shall be discharged by the | authority concerned.
- (4) On satisfactory completion of the period of probation, a'teacher or an officer or an employee, as the case may be, shall be confirmed with effect . from the date of his appointment on probation by an order in writing made by the University in this behalf and the fact of such confirmation shall be communicated to the person concerned : Provided that if, on completion of the period of probation, no such order | of confirmation is made and communicated to the persons concerned within } | a period of two months of the completion of the period of probation, the | persons concerned shall be deemed to have been confirmed with effect from i the date of his appointment on probation. | 227 | S| | = = Termination 33 The services of a temporary teacher or employee shall not be terminated 25 of service of | Lo £ th iod fi hich he i inted ex af > : temporary Pefore expiration of the period for which he is appointed except after serving ERE teacher, one month's notice or on payment of one month's salary in lieu thereof. SE officer or as employee. LE Standing 34. The Syndicate may Constitute Standing Committee or Standing Committees a tsa for selection of persons for appointment to the posts of officers and to the i of officers Other non-teaching posts and may, subject to the provisions of this Act, a oremployees. prescribed by Ordinances the procedure and the method of such selection. = - i Tribunal. 35. (1) Ifin the case of any dispute between the University and any Teacher, Sas Officer or employees of the University no final order has been passed by the bs ; University within a period of one year from the date on which the dispute was Ss referred to the University by such Teacher, Officer or employees, such dispute Bx i shall on the request of such Teacher, Officer or employees, be referred to a rs Tribunal consisting of the following members, namely :— — | (i) a Chairman to be nominated by the Chancellor ; : : | (ii) one person to be nominated by the Syndicate ; ] (iii) one person to be nominated by the Teacher, Officer or | employee concerned. Se : (2) Any appeal from an employee of the University in a disciplinary
- • 22 | matter shall be referred to the Tribunal and shall be decided and disposed of Si by the Tribunal. So 5 (3) The Tribunal may call for any record, report or other information from the University if in its opinion, such record, report or the information is | necessary for efficient discharge of its functions, and the University shall i furnish such record, report or other information to the Tribunal. | (4) The decision of the Tribunal shall be final and no suit or proceeding 2 shall lie in any court in respect of the matters decided by the Tribunal. = ne (5) Every request under sub-section (1) shall be deemed to be a 5 submission to arbitration upon the terms of this section, within the meaning of 2 i the Arbitration Act, 1940, and all the provisions of that Act with the exception i of section 2 thereof shall apply accordingly.
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