The Telangana Survey and Boundaries Act, 1923

(1) This Act may be called the Telangana Survey and Boundaries Act, 1923. (2) It extends to the whole of the State of Telangana.

(1) The State Government may by notification appoint any person either by name or by virtue of his office to be a survey officer for all or any of the purposes of this Act. (2) Subject to the control of the State Government and of any officer or authority appointed by it in this behalf every person so appointed shall exercise and perform the powers and duties of a survey officer within such local limits, and for such periods of time as the State Government may direct. (3) The State Government may delegate its powers under sub-sections (1) and (2) to such officer or authority as it thinks fit.

The State Government or, subject to the control of the State Government, any officer or authority to whom this power may be delegated by it may by notification order a survey of any Government land or of any boundary of such land or of the boundary forming the common limit of Government land and land that is not Government land.

The Survey Officer shall carry out the survey or shall cause the survey carried out with the assistance of an external or internal agency approved by the Government in the manner prescribed. (1) In order to meet the cost of bringing the land records upto date, their computerization and for conducting a need based re-survey, there shall be levied and collected a one time cess of Rs. 20 per acre on all lands in the State, notwithstanding anything contained in the principal Act. The amount so collected shall be credited to a fund called “Survey and Land Records Fund”. (2) The levy and collection of the cess under sub-section (1) and the expenditure from the Survey and Land Records Fund shall be in such manner as may be prescribed.

(1) The cost, if any, of the labour employed and of the survey marks used in any survey notified under section 5 shall be determined and apportioned in the prescribed manner among the persons who have any interest in the land or in the boundaries of which the survey has been ordered and shall be recoverable from such persons as an arrear of land revenue. Notice of such determination and apportionment shall be given in the prescribed manner to the persons aforesaid. (2) Any person affected by a decision under sub-section (1) may appeal to the prescribed officer whose decision, with reasons therefor, shall be recorded in writing; and notice of such decision shall be given in the prescribed manner to the parties to the appeal. (3) An appeal under sub-section (2) shall be preferred within three months from the date of service of notice under sub-section (1), after excluding the time taken to obtain a copy of the decision: Provided that the appellate authority may admit an appeal after the expiry of the said period on his being satisfied that the appellant had good and sufficient cause for not preferring the appeal within that period. A copy of the order under sub-section (2) shall be furnished to any person interested in such order on his application and at his cost.

(1) The survey officer shall have power to determine and record as undisputed any boundary in respect of which no dispute is brought to his notice.

(2) Notice of every decision of the survey officer under section 9 (1) shall be given in the prescribed manner to the registered holders of the lands the boundaries of which may be affected by the decision.

(1) Where a boundary is disputed, the survey officer, after making such inquiry as he considers necessary, shall determine the boundary and record it in accordance with his decision. The survey officer shall record in writing the reasons for his decision.

(2) Notice of every decision of the survey officer under section 10 (1) shall be given in the prescribed manner to the parties to the dispute and other registered holders of the lands the boundaries of which may be affected by the decision.

When the survey of any land or boundary which has been notified under section 5 has been completed in accordance with the orders passed under section 9, 10 or 11, the survey officer shall notify the fact in the district gazette and a copy of such notification shall be posted in the village chavadi, if any, of the village to which the survey relates; unless the survey so notified is modified by a decree of a civil court under the provisions of section 14, the record of the survey shall be conclusive proof that the boundaries determined and recorded therein have been correctly determined and recorded:

Provided that in the case of land or boundary situated in the territories specified in sub-section (1) of section 3 of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956 until a District Gazette is published for the districts in the said territories, a notification as required by this section shall be published in the Telangana Gazette in lieu of publication in the District Gazette.

Any person deeming himself aggrieved by the determination of any boundary under section 9, 10 or 11 may, subject to the provisions of Parts II and III of the Indian Limitation Act, 1908, institute a suit within three years from the date of the notification under section 13 to set aside or modify the said determination and the survey shaII, if necessary, be altered in accordance with the final decree in the suit and the alteration, if any, shall be noted in the record.

The plaintiff in such suit shall join as parties to it all persons whom he has reason to believe to be interested in the boundary which is the subject of the suit.

(1) Subject to such conditions as may be prescribed in this behalf, every registered holder of Government land shall be bound to maintain, renew and repair the survey marks on or within the boundaries of his holding, and in default of his doing so the survey officer or the Collector may, at the cost of the State Government, maintain, renew and repair such survey marks, determine and apportion the cost of so doing, and recover such cost as an arrear of land revenue. Such cost may include the cost of all operations incidental to such renewal or repair but not any charges on account of survey officers and supervising establishment.

(2) Before a survey officer or Collector maintains, renews or repairs any survey marks, he shall serve a notice in writing on the registered holder in the prescribed manner giving particulars of the survey marks in respect of which default has been committed and calling upon him to maintain, renew or repair the same within a time to be specified in such notice which shall be not less than 15 days from the date of service thereof.

(3) If the notice under sub-clause (2) cannot be served personally on the registered holder, a copy of the same shall be served also on the cultivator or other person interested in the land.

It shall be the duty of every village headman and of every village accountant,-

(a) to prevent the destruction, injury, removal or alteration of any survey mark on or within the limits of his jurisdiction; and

(b) when he becomes aware that any such mark has been destroyed, injured, removed or altered, to report the fact to the prescribed officer.

The State Government, or subject to the control of the State Government, any officer or authority to whom this power may be delegated by it, may by notification direct the survey of any estate or portion of an estate or of any boundary therein,-

(a) on the application in writing of the proprietor of such estate or, in the case of boundary, of any person interested therein; or

(b) without such application whenever in the opinion of the State Government such survey is necessary,-

(i) for the better or more convenient assessment or levy of irrigation cess;

(ii) for any other reason to be recorded prior to the issue of such notification:

Provided (1) that any person making an application under clause (a) shall forward with his application a statement in writing signed by him to the effect that he will pay the whole cost of the survey and if required will deposit the amount in a Government treasury before the survey is commenced and (2) that any survey commenced under that clause may be stopped on the withdrawal of his application by the applicant unless the State Government sees reason to direct the continuance of the survey in virtue of the power conferred on it by clause (b).

Except as provided in sections 19 and 20, the conduct of such survey and the proceedings of the survey officer shall, as far as may be, be regulated by the procedure laid down in Chapter II with regard to the survey of Government lands; and the provisions contained in that chapter in regard to appeals from the orders of survey officer, the granting of copies thereof and the effect of such orders, and of the decisions passed in appeals therefrom and in regard to the right of suit in respect of such orders and decisions shall, as far as may be, apply to all orders passed by a survey officer under this chapter and to the decisions passed in appeals against such orders.

All costs incurred by the State Government on account of a survey directed under clause (a) of section 17 shall be recoverable from the persons who have any interest in the estate, portion of estate, or boundary of which the survey has been ordered as an arrear of land revenue; the cost of a survey directed under clause (b) (i) and (ii) of section 17 shall be borne by the State Government unless otherwise provided by any law for the time being in force.

(1) On the application of the proprietor of an estate in which any survey has been made, the State Government or any officer, or authority to whom this power may be delegated by it, may direct the survey officer to apportion

When an estate or a portion of an estate or a boundary in an estate has been surveyed in pursuance of a notification issued under section 17, the survey officer shall report the completion of the survey to the District Collector and to the proprietor, and the following consequences shall thereupon ensue:-

(i) Subject to such conditions as may be prescribed in this behalf, every tenant of the land surveyed, and where there is no tenant, the proprietor, shall be bound to maintain, renew and repair the survey marks on or within the boundaries of his holding, and in default of his doing so the Collector may, after giving notice to the tenant or proprietor as the case may be in the manner provided in sub-sections (2) and (3) of section 15, at the cost of the State Government, maintain, renew and repair such survey marks and recover the cost of so doing as an arrear of land revenue. Such cost may include the cost of all operations incidental to such renewal or repair but not any charges on account of survey officers and supervising establishment.

(ii) It shall be the duty of the headman and of the accountant of every village the whole or a part of which has been surveyed,-

(a) to prevent the destruction, injury, removal or alteration of any survey mark on or within the limits of his village; and

(b) when he becomes aware that any such mark has been destroyed, injured, removed or altered, to report the fact to the proprietor of the estate and to the Collector or to such officer subordinate to the Collector as the District Collector may, from time to time, direct.

For the purposes of any survey, inquiry or other proceedings under this Act, the survey officer or the District Collector or any of the subordinates of such officers shall have power to enter upon, examine and measure any land under survey and to clear by cutting down or removing any trees, jungle, fences, standing crops or other material obstructions, the boundaries or other lines the clearance of which may be necessary for the purposes of the survey.

Any survey officer, generally or specially authorized in that behalf, or the District Collector or any officer to whom an appeal is preferred under any of the provisions of this Act may, for the purpose of rendering assistance in the survey of any land, summon and enforce the attendance of any person who has an interest therein and may for the purposes of any survey, inquiry or other proceedings under this Act, summon and enforce the attendance of any person for giving evidence and for the production of documents; and the procedure prescribed in the Code of Civil Procedure for summoning and enforcing the attendance of witnesses and for the recording of evidence shall be followed as far as it can be made applicable.

(1) The District Collector or the survey officer may with the consent of all the parties concerned, refer to arbitration any dispute as to a boundary.

(2) The decision of the District Collector or the survey officer passed in accordance with such award shall be conclusive between the parties to such arbitration and those claiming under them.

(i) In the absence of a contract to the contrary, a proprietor or registered holder of any estate or Government land under survey, who incurs any expenses or from whom any expenses are recovered under this Act in respect of such survey, shall, if he be not the owner thereof, acquire a charge on such estate or Government land to the extent of the expenses so incurred or recovered from him with interest thereon at the rate of 9 per cent per annum.

(ii) It shall be lawful for any person claiming an interest in an estate or Government land under survey to pay the charges payable under this Act in respect of the survey of such estate or Government land, though he be not the proprietor or registered holder thereof; and all such sums, if paid by a tenant or lessee, may be deducted from any rent then or afterwards due by him in respect of such estate or Government land and if paid by any other person interested or bonafide claiming an interest in the estate or Government land, shall be a charge upon such estate or Government land. Such sums shall bear interest at 9 per cent per annum.

(iii) Where a person entitled under this section to a charge on an estate or Government land is a co-owner of such estate or Government land, such charge shall extend only to so much of the amount recovered from or expended or paid by him as is due in respect of the share of the other co-owners in such estate or Government land with interest at the rate aforesaid.

(1) The State Government may, after previous publication, make rules to carry out the purposes of the Act.

(2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power such rules may,-

(a) prescribe for different localities the unit of survey, the subdivisions thereof and the description of the survey marks; and provide for the maintenance, renewal and repair of such marks;

(b) provide for the collection and record of any information in respect of any land which has been or is about to be surveyed;

(c) define the classes of officers to be appointed to do duty under this Act and the powers to be exercised by such officers;

(d) prescribe and regulate the procedure to be followed by those officers in the conduct of proceedings under this Act;

(e) provide for the publication of all notifications issued under this Act and for the form, issue and service of all orders, communications and notices to be issued, communicated, given or served under this Act;

(f) regulate the furnishing of survey marks, labour and other matters necessary to surveys notified under this Act and the recovery of charges incidental thereto where they are recoverable;

(g) provide for the apportionment of all charges directed to be apportioned by this Act and for the determination of the cost of labour employed and of the survey marks used in any such survey;

(h) prescribe the fees payable for processes issued and copies granted under this Act; and

(i) prescribe the manner in which arbitrators are to be appointed and regulate the procedure to be followed by them.

(3) All such rules shall be laid before the Telangana Legislature for a period of not less than two months while that Legislature is in session.

No suit or other legal proceedings shall lie against any person for anything in good faith done or purporting to be done under this Act.