The Tanjore Pannaiyal Protection Act, 1952

(1) This Act may be called the Tanjore Pannaiyal Protection Act, 1952. (2) It shall extend to the district of Tanjore and to the adjoining districts in the State of Tamil Nadu, on such date as the Government may, by notification, appoint: Provided that the Government may, by notification, direct that, with effect from such date as may be specified therein, this Act shall cease to apply to any specified area in the district of Tanjore or to any other specified area elsewhere in which this Act may have been brought into force.

In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context,- (a) " agricultural year " means the year commencing on the 1st day of May; (b) " commencement of this Act " or " date of commencement of this Act " means the 23rd August 1952 in respect of the whole of the district of Tanjore and the date appointed by the notification issued under section 1, sub-section (2), in the case of any other area; (c) " Conciliation Officer " means in relation to any area, the Conciliation Officer appointed under this Act for such area, and where no such Officer has been appointed, the Tahsildar having jurisdiction over the area; (e) " Government " means the State Government; (f) " gross produce " includes the yield obtained at the poradi; (g) " land owner " in relation to a pannaiyal means the owner of a land or other person deriving any right from him in respect thereof, who has engaged the pannaiyal for cultivating the said land; (f) " pannaiyal " means any person engaged by the landowner to look after a farm and do all cultivation work on the land whenever necessary in the course of an entire agricultural year, but does not include one who is engaged either casually or only for a specific item of work; (l) " Revenue Court " means in relation to any area, the Revenue Court constituted under this Act for such area, and where no Revenue Court has been so constituted, the Court of the Revenue Divisional Officer having jurisdiction over the area;

The provisions of this Act- (a) shall have effect notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any pre-existing law, custom, usage, agreement or decree or order of a Court, but (b) shall not apply in respect of the land held by a landowner in any village if the land held by him in such village does not exceed one veli (6-2/3 acres) which is either wetland or dry land irrigated from any Government source, or three velis (twenty acres) of dry land not irrigated from any Government source.

The Government or any authority empowered by them in this behalf may, by order, appoint any person for any area specified therein, to be a Conciliation Officer for the purpose of performing the functions entrusted to a Conciliation Officer by this Act.

The Government may, by notification, constitute for any area specified therein, a Revenue Court which shall be presided over by an officer not below the rank of a Revenue-Divisional Officer for the purpose of performing the functions entrusted to a Revenue Court by this Act.

Wages shall be payable to pannaiyals and the members of their families, for each day of work done, as- (a) In accordance with the terms set forth in the Mayuram Agreement, dated the 28th day of October 1948, as reproduced in the Schedule to this Act; or (b) at the following rates in kind :- 2 marakkals of paddy for every adult male worker. 1 marakkal of paddy for every adult woman worker. 3/4 marakkal of paddy for every worker not being an adult. Any pannaiyal may elect to be paid his wages for an agricultural year either under clause (a) or under clause (b) of this section : but if he prefers to be paid under clause (b) he shall not be entitled to claim in addition any kind of customary privilege or remuneration provided that an adult male pannaiyal shall, in addition, be entitled at each harvest to a customary payment in addition to his wages.

Wages shall be payable to pannaiyals and the Members of their families, for each day of work done at the following rates in kind :- 2 marakkals of paddy for every adult male worker, 1 marakkal of paddy for every adult woman worker, 3/4 marakkal of paddy for every worker not being an adult.

(1) Whenever a landowner dismisses a pannaiyal, he shall, within a week from the date of such dismissal, make a report thereof to the Conciliation Officer having jurisdiction over the area. (2) The Conciliation Officer may, on receipt of such report from the landowner, or of any complaint from the pannaiyal who has been dismissed, whether after the commencement of this Act or at anytime before such commencement not being earlier than the 1st day of March 1952, call upon the landowner and the pannaiyal concerned to appear before him in person or by agent, and to represent their respective cases. (3) After considering the representations, if any, so made, and after making such further inquiry into the case as he may deem fit, the Conciliation Officer may, if he finds that the dismissal of the pannaiyal was not just and proper by an award in writing, require the landowner to take back the pannaiyal and reinstate him in all the rights which would have accrued to him but for his dismissal. (4) If the land owner fails to comply with the award of the Conciliation Officer under sub-section (3), or the decision of the Revenue Court on an appeal from such award under sub-section (2) of section 13, the Revenue Court may, on receipt of intimation of such failure, after such inquiry as it considers necessary, direct the land owner to pay to the pannaiyal such compensation as. (6) Any landowner or pannaiyal may terminate the engagement by giving notice of not less than 12 months ending with the expiry of the next agricultural year, or by mutual agreement, provided that where the landowner terminates the engagement under this sub-section, he shall be liable to pay to the pannaiyal, grain or money equivalent to six months wages or such amount as may be mutually agreed upon.

(1) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (2), any pannaiyal, who is enrolled as a member of the Armed Forces, may, on discharge or retirement from service, or on being sent to Reserve, make within the prescribed period an application for reinstatement to the Conciliation Officer. Upon such application he shall be entitled to be reinstated as a pannaiyal with all the rights enjoyed by him immediately before his enrolment as a member of the Armed Forces. (2) Nothing in sub-section (1) shall be deemed to entitle the pannaiyal to be reinstated if having regard to all or any of the following matters, namely— (a) the reduction, if any, in the extent of the farm after the date of the enrolment; (b) the nature of the agricultural operations carried on in respect of that farm on or after the date of the application; (c) such other matters as may be prescribed; the Conciliation Officer is satisfied that it will not be just and proper to require the landowner to reinstate the pannaiyal. (3) The Conciliation Officer may, on receipt of an application under sub-section (1), call upon the landowner and the pannaiyal concerned to appear before him in person or by agent and to represent their respective cases. (4) After considering the representations, if any, so made, and after making such further inquiry into the case as he may deem fit, he may, by an award in writing, require the landowner to take back the pannaiyal and reinstate him with all the rights enjoyed by him immediately before his enrolment as a member of the Armed Forces: Provided that any award for reinstating any pannaiyal under this section shall, in respect of any farm where there are standing crops on the date of such award, take effect immediately after the harvest of such crops. (5) The provisions of sub-sections (4) and (5) of section 12 shall, as far as may be, apply in relation to an award under sub-section (4) as they apply in relation to an award under sub-section (3) of section 12. (6) Where a member of the Armed Forces dies while in service, the special privileges conferred by this section on such member shall be available to the widow of such member, or any person dependent upon such member immediately before his death. Explanation.—In this section 'member of the Armed Forces' shall have the same meaning as in clause (29) of section 3 of the Tamil Nadu Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling on Land) Act, 1961 (Tamil Nadu Act 58 of 1961).

(1) Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act any dispute between a landowner and a pannaiyal including any matter which affects their mutual harmonious relationship in the cultivation of land, or any question which may arise as to the payment or non-payment of any wages shall, on application by any party, be decided by the Conciliation Officer. (2) Against any award passed by a Conciliation Officer under sub-section (3) of section 12 or under sub-section (4) of section 12-A or any final order passed by a Conciliation Officer under sub-section (1), an appeal shall lie to the Revenue Court within thirty days of the passing of the award or order, as the case may be, unless the court in the special circumstances of any case condones the delay in preferring the appeal within that time, and the decision of the Revenue Court on such appeal shall be final. (3) Every application under sub-section (1) and every memorandum of appeal under sub-section (2) shall bear a court-fee stamp of one rupee. (4) Nothing contained in this section shall affect any decision of the Revenue Court which has become final under section 13 of Madras Ordinance IV of 1952 or of Madras Ordinance VI of 1952.

No civil court shall entertain any suit or other proceeding to set aside or modify any order, decision or award passed by any Revenue Court, Conciliation Officer, or other authority under this Act or in respect of any other matter falling within its or his scope.

(1) Where this Act is to be brought into force in any neighbouring area outside the Tanjore district, its provisions shall apply subject to such adaptations, exceptions and modifications, if any, as the Government may, by notification, specify in this behalf. (2) Any such notification shall be laid before the Legislative Assembly of the State for not less than fourteen days and shall have effect thereafter subject to such modifications, whether by way of repeal or amendment as that Assembly may make during the session in which it is so laid.

(1) The Government may, by notification, make rules to carry out the purposes of this Act, and in particular for the execution or enforcement of any orders, decisions or awards passed thereunder or for the removal of any doubts or difficulties which may arise in giving effect to the provisions thereof. (2) Any rules made under this section after the 31st December 1952 shall be laid for not less than fourteen days before the Legislative Assembly of the State, as soon as possible after they are made, and shall be subject to such modifications, whether by way of repeal or amendment, as that Assembly may make during the session in which they are so laid. Explanation.—This sub-section shall not apply to any rules made on or before the 31st December 1952.

(1) The Tanjore Tenants and Pannaiyal Protection (No. 2) Ordinance, 1952 (Madras Ordinance VI of 1952) is hereby repealed. (2) Any rules made, notifications issued, orders, decisions or awards passed, action taken, or thing done in the exercise of any power conferred by or under the said ordinance shall be deemed to have been made, issued, passed, taken or done in the exercise of the powers conferred by or under this Act, as if this Act had come into force on the date on which such power was exercised.

1. Daily Wages: Pannaiyals to be paid daily wages at one marakkal of paddy and labourers at 3/4th marakkal. 2. Harvest: For harvesting, kalavadi, chindumanj, sattuve, threshing, kalavadi, and other items, Pannaiyals will be paid 1/7th of the gross produce of the plots on which they have worked as pannaiyals. (a) The 1/7th share will be split up and the kalavadi will be fixed at 1 marakkals out of 14 and harvest cooly at half-a-marakkal out of 14. (b) Where the pannaiyal exclusively harvests the field, he will get 2/7th of the produce. (c) Where the pannaiyal harvests part of the field, he will get 1/7th of the produce harvested by him. (d) Where labour has harvested certain areas and pannaiyal certain other areas, the pannaiyal will get 1 out of 14 as kalavadi, irrespective of the cut to outside labour. (e) To prevent pannaiyals from claiming their share after harvest, a penalty of two marakkals for each day's absence during the harvest season will be deducted out of the kalavadi or other dues to him. (f) Each pannaiyal will get his share only on the yield from not more than one veli (6.213 acres) of land belonging to the mirasdar. (3) For poradi, pannaiyals will be paid only daily wages at one marakkal and they should finish the poradi. (4) Pannaiyals will be given maniams (manaikoljais) according to custom.