The Kerala CIVil Courts Act, 1957

(1) This Act may be called the Kerala CIVil Courts Act, 1957. (2) It extends to the whole of the State of Kerala (3) It shall come mto force on such date as the Government may, by notification m the Gazette, appomt.

In addition to the courts established under any other law for the time being in force, there shall be the followmg classes of civil courts m the State, namely:-(I) the court of a District Judge (heremafter referred to as the District Court); (u) the court of a Subordinate Judge (heremafter referred to as the Subordmate Judge's Court); (til) the court of a Muns1ff (hereinafter referred to as the Musiff's Court)

(1) For the purposes of this Act, the Government may, by notification in the Gazette, divide the State mto CIVIl districts (hereinafter referred to as districts) and alter the limits or the number of such districts (2) The Government shall establish a D1stnct Court for each dtstrict and a Judge (heremafter called the District Judge) shall be appomted to such court.

(1) When the state of busmess pending before a District Court so requires, one or more Additional District Judges may be appointed to that court for such period as IS deemed necessary. (2) An Additional District Judge shall discharge all or any of the functwns of the District Judge under this Act m respect of all matter~ which the District Judge may ass1gn to h1m, or which under the provisions of sectiOn 7 may be mstltuted before h1m, and m the discharge of those functions he shall exercise the same powers as the D1strict Judge.

(1) The Government may, m consultation with the H1gh Court, establish m each d1stnct such number of Subordmate Judge's Courts and Munsdi's Courts. as they deem necessary. (2) The Government may, m consultation w1th the High Court, fix, and from time to time vary, by notification 1n the Gazette, the number of Subordinate Judges to be appointed for a Subordinate Judge's Court or the number of Munsiffs to be appointed for a Muns1ff's Court

(1) When more than one Subordmate Judge is appointed to a Subordmate Judge's Court, or more than one Munsiff is appointed to a Munsdf's Court, one of the Subordinate Judges or Munsiffs shall be appomted the Princ1pal Subordmate Judge or the Pnnc1pal Munsdi and the others Additional Subordmate Judges or Additional Munsiffs, as the case may be (2) Each of the Judges or Muns1ffs appointed to a Subordinate Judge's Court or a Muns1ff's Court may exercise all or any of the powers conferred on the court by this Act or any o'her law for the time bemg m force. (3) Subject to the general or spec1al order:, of the Distnct Judge, the Prmc1pal Subordinate Judge or the Prmc1pal Mun~tff may from time to time make such arrangements as he thmks fit for the distribution of the busme~s of the court among the various Judges or Mun.>iff::. thereof

(1) The place or places at whiCh any court referred to in sechon 2 shall be held, may be fixed, and may from time to time be altered, by (a) the Government m the case of a District Court or a Subordmate Judge's Court, and (b) the High Court m the case of a Mun:,iff's Court . (2) The High Court may, with the approval of the Government, direct by notlficatwn In the Gazette that all or any class of proceedings arbmg m a spec1fied local area m a district wh1ch would ordmarlly be mst1tuted m the Dhtrict Court, may be instituted before an Additional District Judge of that court sitting in a place othe,.r than the place where the D1strict Judge sits.

Every court under tlus Act shall use a seal of such form and dimensions as are for the time bemg pre'>cribed by the Government.

The Government shall fix, and may from time to time vary, the local hmits of the jurisdiction of any Subordinate Judge's Court in consultation with the Htgh Court.

The High Court shall fix, and may from time to time vary, the local hmits of the jurisdiction of any Munsiff's Court.

(1) The jurisdiction of a District Court or a Subordinate Judge's Court extends, subject to the provisions of the Code of Ctvtl Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908), to all origmal su1ts and proceeding of a ctvtl nature. (2) The jurisdiction of a Munstff's Court extends to all like suits and proceedmgs not otherw1se exempted from its cognis-ance of which the amount or value of the subject-matter does not exceed five thousand rupees.

Save as provided in section 13. regular and spectal appeals shall, when such appeals are allowed by law, lie from the decrees or orders of a Dtstnct Court or a Subordmate Judge's Court to the High Court.

Appeals from the decrees and orders of a Munsiff's Court and where the amount or value of the subject-matter of the smt does not exceed seven thousand and five hundred rupees, from the onginal decrees and orders of a Subordinate Judge"s Court sh&ll, when such appeals are allowed by law, lie to the Distnct Court : Provided that whenever a Subordmate Judge's Court is estabhshed in any dbtnct at a place other than the place where the District Court 1s stat10ned, the Htgh Court may, with the approval of the Government, dtrect that appeals from the decrees or orders of Munsiff's Courts w1thm the local hmits of the jurisdiction of such Subordinate Judge's Court be preferred m such Subordmate Judge's Court: Provided further that the District Court may remove to Itself from time to time appeals so preferred and dtspose of them itsel!: or may, subject to the orders of the High Court, refer any appeals from the decree~ and orders of Munsiff's Courts prefer-red m the District Court to any Subordmate Judge's Court with-In the distnct

Every court under this Act may require a witness or party to any suit or other proceeding pendmg In such court to make such oath or affirmation as IS prescribed by the law for the time being in force.

(1) No District Judge, Subordinate Judge or Munsiff shall try any smt, proceedmg or other case to.which he IS a party or in v.hich he Is personally interested. (2) No Distnct Judge or Subordinate Judge shall hear any appeal agamst a decree or order passed by himself. (3) When any such suit, proceeding, case or appeal as lS referred to m ~ub-sectwn (1) or sub-section (2) comes before any :mch officer, he shall transmit forthwith the record of such suit, proceedmg, case or appeal, as the case may be, to the court to which he is immedtately subordm :~te with the report of the cir~ cumstances attendmg the reference. (4) The !:>uperior court may transfer the suit, proceeding, case or appeal either to Itself or to any court under 1ts admini5-tratlve control competent to decide It.

In the event of the death of the DI!:>trict Judge or of his bemg mcapa-Cltated by 1llness or otherwise for the performance of his duties, or of his ab!:>ence from the statwn m whtch his court IS held, the senwr Additional District Judge or the Additional District Judge or the semor Subordmate Judge or the Subordmate Judge, as the case may be, shall, without mterruptwn to hts ordmary duties, a~sume charge of the District Judge's office and shall discharge such of the current duties thereof as are connected wtth the filing of suits and appeals, the execution of processe!:> and the like and shall contmue in charge of the office until the same 1s resumed or assumed by an officer duly appointed thereto.

Subject to the other provisions of this Act and to the rule!> for the llme bemg in force and prescnbed by the Htgh Court m this behalf, the general control over all the civtl courts under this Act in any dtstrict is vested m the District Judge.

The Htgh Court may, by notifi-cation in the Gazette, invest wtthm such local hmits as 1t shall from time to time appoint, any Dtstnct or Subordmate Judge with the jur1sdtctlon of a Judge of a Court of Small Causes for the trial of suits cogmsable by such courts up to the amount of Rs. 1,000, and any Muns1ff w1th the same jurisdic· tion up to the amount of Rs. 500.

(1) The H1gh Court may permit the civtl courts under 1ts control to adjourn from t1me to t1me for periods not exceeding m the aggregate stxty days in each year. (2) During the adjournment of a ciVil court, the Htgh Court shall havt> the power t.) make provisional orders m all urgent matters and for such purpose to receiVe appeah., plamts and petition!:> whiCh would ordmarily be presented to such civil court and any such order shall remam m force only until the matter has been heard and decided by the court having Jurbdic-tion.

The mm1sterial officer., of a court shall periorm such dut:es as may from i1me to time .be imposed upon them by the presidmg officer of the court.

(1) In the Land 'Acquisition Act, (XI of 1089)-(a) for the words ''District Court'' wherever they occur, the word ''court" .shall be substituted ; (b) 10 Section 3, after clause (c-1), the following clause shall be inserted, namely:- '(c-2) The expressiOn "court"" means the DI:;tnct Court unless the Government have appointed (as they are hereby empowered to do) a special judiCial officer within any specified local hm1ts to perform the func-tions of the court under thi3 Act;'. (2) In the Travancore-Cochin Hmdu 'Religious Institutions Act, 1950 (XV of 1950), sub-sPction (2) of sectiOn 55 and •sub-section (2) of !:>ectwn 124 shall be omitted; and ~ub-.section (1) of section 55 and sub-section (1) of section 124 shall be renumber-Jed as section 55 and section 124 respectively .

(1) The Madras Civil Courts Act, 1873 (Madras Act III of 1873), as in force in the Malabar district referred tom sub-section (2) of section 5.of the States Reorgani-satiOn Act, 1956 (37 of 1956), and the Travancore-Cochin -Civil .Courts Act;l951 (XXII of 195]), are hereby repealed. (2) Notwithstandmg anyihmg conta10ed 10 sub-section (1), all courts constituted, appointments made, limits fixed and jurisdition and powers conferred under any Act hereby repeal-ed shall, so far as may be consistent with th1s Act, be deemed to have been constituted, made, fixed •and conferred under this .Act. (3) Notwith<;tandmg anything conta10ed in sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), all DistriCt JudgE's, Subordmate Judges and District Munsiffs, who immediately before the commencement .of this Act, were empowered by or under the Travancore-Cochm Civil Courts Act, 1951, to hear and determme certam classes of suits as small causes shall cont10ue to exercise such power in•re5pect of such classes of slllts m accordance with the pro· visions·of the srud C1vil Courts Act as if such provisiOns were t:not repealed.