Chapter III GRAM PANCHAYAT

1. (1) Subject to the general or special orders of the Government, the District Magistrate may, by notification in the District Gazette, declare any local area comprising a village or a group of contiguous villages or part thereof to be a Gram Panchayat area with a population within its territory as nearly as seven thousand. Provided that the District Magistrate may, after consultation with the Gram Panchayat concerned, by a notification, at any time, include within or exclude from any Gram Panchayat area any village or part thereof and alter the name of the Gram Panchayat. (2) If the State Election Commission, suo motu or on receipt of a written representation from an aggrieved person, is of the opinion that there is sufficient reason for doing so, may review the legality and propriety of any Gram Panchayat declared under sub-section (1) and may call for the relevant records for this purpose, and subject to the provisions of this Act, may pass such order which the Commission deems fit and proper. Provided that after the notification of the date of Panchayat election by the Governor under section 124 of the Act, the Commission shall not consider any such new case. (3) Every Gram Panchayat shall be a body corporate by the name of its Gram Panchayat and shall have perpetual succession and a common seal and subject to such restrictions as are imposed by or under this Act or any other enactment, shall be vested with the capacity of suing or being sued in its corporate name, of acquiring, holding and transferring property, movable or immovable, whether without or within the limits of the area over which it has authority, or entering into contracts and of doing all things necessary, proper and expedient for the purpose for which it is constituted.

special orders of the Government, the District Magistrate may, by notification in the District Gazette, declare any local area comprising a village or a group of contiguous villages or part thereof to be a Gram Panchayat area with a population within its territory as nearly as seven thousand. Provided that the District Magistrate may, after consultation with the Gram Panchayat concerned, by a notification, at any time, include within or exclude from any Gram Panchayat area any village or part thereof and alter the name of the Gram Panchayat.

1. (2) If the State Election Commission, suo motu or on receipt of a written

representation from an aggrieved person, is of the opinion that there is sufficient reason for doing so, may review the legality and propriety of any Gram Panchayat declared under sub-section (1) and may call for the relevant records for this purpose, and subject to the provisions of this Act, may pass such order which the Commission deems fit and proper. Provided that after the notification of the date of Panchayat election by the Governor under section 124 of the Act, the Commission shall not consider any such new case.

1. (3) Every Gram Panchayat shall be a body corporate by the name of its Gram Panchayat and shall have perpetual succession and a common seal and subject to such restrictions as are imposed by or under this Act or any other enactment, shall be vested with the capacity of suing or being sued in its corporate name, of acquiring, holding and transferring property, movable or immovable, whether without or within the limits of the area over which it has authority, or entering into contracts and of doing all things necessary, proper and expedient for the purpose for which it is constituted.

consist of –

1. (a) The Mukhiya elected under the provisions of this Act;
2. (b) Such number of directly elected members as may be notified from time to time by the District Magistrate and each of such members representing as nearly as possible a population of five hundred of the Panchayat Area.

1. (2) For the convenience of election, the District Magistrate shall, in accordance with such rules as may be prescribed in this behalf by the State Government, divide the area of the Gram Panchayat under the direction, control and supervision of the State Election Commission into territorial constituencies in such manner that the population of each constituency, so far as practicable, be the same throughout the Panchayat area.
2. (3) One member from each territorial constituency shall be elected through direct election in the manner prescribed.
3. (4) Every Gram Panchayat constituted under this section shall be notified in the District Gazette and shall come into office with effect from the date appointed for its first meeting.

not exceeding fifty percent of the total seats of members of Gram

Panchayat shall be reserved for

1. (a) Scheduled Castes;
2. (b) Scheduled Tribes; and
3. (c) Backward Classes. The number of seats so reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes shall bear as nearly as may be, the same proportion to the total number of seats to be filled up by direct election in that Gram Panchayat as the population of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes bears to the total population of that area and such seats shall be allotted by rotation to different constituencies in a Gram Panchayat by the District Magistrate under the direction, control and supervision of the State Election Commission in the prescribed manner. After reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, the number of seats to be reserved for the Backward Classes shall be as nearly as possible but not exceeding twenty percent of the total seats and within the overall limit of fifty percent reservation for the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes and the Backward Classes and shall be allotted to the remaining constituencies by the District Magistrate in the prescribed manner. Such seats shall be allotted by rotation to different constituencies in a Gram Panchayat by the District Magistrate during subsequent elections under the direction, control and supervision of the State Election Commission in the manner prescribed by it.

1. (2) As nearly as but not exceeding fifty percent of the total number of seats reserved under Sub-section (1) shall be reserved for women belonging to the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes and the Backward Classes, as the case may be.
2. (3) As nearly as but not exceeding fifty percent of the total number of seats not reserved for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes shall be reserved for women.
3. (4) Such total number of seats reserved for women belonging to the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes, the Backward Classes and unreserved category may be allotted by rotation by the District Magistrate under the direction, control and supervision of the State Election Commission to different constituencies in a Gram Panchayat in such manner as may be prescribed by it.

Explanation -

For the removal of doubts it is hereby declared that the principle of rotation for the purposes of reservation of offices for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes under this sub-section shall commence from the first election held after the commencement of the Bihar Panchayat Raj Act, 1993.

sooner dissolved under any law for the time being in force shall continue for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting and no longer.

1. (2) No amendment of any law for the time being in force shall have the effect of causing dissolution of a Gram Panchayat, which is functioning immediately before such amendment, till the expiration of its duration specified in clause (1).
2. (3) An election to constitute a Gram Panchayat shall be completed –
   • (a) Before the expiry of its duration specified in sub-section (1); and
   • (b) Before the expiration of a period of six months from the date of its dissolution : Provided that where the remainder of the period for which the dissolved Gram Panchayat would have continued is less than six months, it shall not be necessary to hold any election under this sub- section for constituting the Gram Panchayat for such period.
3. (4) A Gram Panchayat constituted upon the dissolution of a Gram Panchayat before the expiration of its duration shall continue only for remainder of the period for which the dissolved Gram Panchayat would have continued under Sub-section (1) had it not been so dissolved.

Panchayat shall be directly elected by the voters enrolled in the voters’ list of that Gram Panchayat.

1. (2) In the event of vacancy caused by reason of death, resignation, disqualification, removal or otherwise of the Mukhiya, the Gram Panchayat shall elect another Mukhiya as soon as possible as per the provisions of sub-section (1) : Provided that if the vacancy in the office of Mukhiya is for less than six months, there shall be no election.
2. (3) (i) After election every Gram Panchayat shall under the direction, control and supervision of State Election Commission, elect in its first meeting one Up-Mukhiya from amongst the members elected under the provisions of clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 12 of the Act, by a majority of votes.
   • (ii) The Mukhiya of the Gram Panchayat shall be a voter in the election of Up-Mukhiya.
   • (iii) In the case of equality of votes in the election of Up-Mukhiya, the result shall be decided by draw of lots.
3. (4) (i) In the event of the offices of the Mukhiya and Up-Mukhiya falling

vacant simultaneously in any Gram Panchayat, the Executive Officer of the concerned Panchayat Samiti shall call a meeting for election of Up-Mukhiya within fifteen days of such an eventuality for which a notice of at least seven clear days shall be given to the members.

1. (ii) The Executive Officer of the concerned Panchayat Samiti shall preside over such meeting but he shall not have the right to vote.
2. (iii) In the case of equality of votes, the result shall be decided by draw of lots.

1. (5) Reservation of seats —(i) For the post of Mukhiya, as nearly as but not exceeding fifty percent of the total seats of Mukhiya within every

Panchayat Samiti shall be reserved for :–

1. (a) Scheduled Castes;
2. (b) Scheduled Tribes; and
3. (c) Backward Classes. Within every Panchayat Samiti, seats shall be reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes for the posts of Mukhiya and the number of seats so reserved shall bear as nearly as possible the same proportion to the total number of seats of Mukhiya within the said Panchayat Samiti as the population of the Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes bears to the proportion of the total population of that area and such seats shall be allotted by rotation to different Gram Panchayats within the Panchayat Samiti by the District Magistrate under the direction, control and supervision of the State Election Commission in the prescribed manner.

After reservation of seats of Mukhiya for the Scheduled Castes and the

Scheduled Tribes, the number of seats to be reserved for the Backward Classes shall be as nearly as possible but not exceeding twenty percent of the total seats and within the overall limit of fifty percent reservation for the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes and the Backward Classes and shall be allotted to the remaining Gram Panchayats by the District Magistrate in the prescribed manner. Such seats shall be allotted by rotation to different Gram Panchayats within a Panchayat Samiti by the District Magistrate during subsequent elections under the direction, control and supervision of the State Election Commission in the manner prescribed by it.

1. (ii) As nearly as but not exceeding fifty percent of the total number of seats so reserved under Sub-section (i) shall be reserved for women belonging to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes as the case may be.
2. (iii) As nearly as but not exceeding fifty percent of the total number of seats not reserved for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes shall be reserved for women.
3. (iv) Such total number of seats reserved for women belonging to the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes, the Backward Classes and unreserved category shall be allotted by rotation by the District Magistrate under the direction, control and supervision of the State Election Commission to different constituencies in a Gram Panchayat in such manner as may be prescribed by the State Election Commission. Explanation - For the removal of doubts it is hereby declared that the principle of rotation for the purposes of reservation of offices for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes under this sub-section shall commence from the first election held after the commencement of the

Term of Office of Mukhiya and Up-Mukhiya —The term of office of Mukhiya and Up-Mukhiya of the Gram Panchayat shall, save as otherwise provided in this Act, cease on the expiry of his term of office as a member of the Gram Panchayat.

The Mukhiya shall –

1. (a) be responsible for convening the meetings of Gram Sabha and shall preside over its meetings;
2. (b) be responsible for convening the meeting of Gram Panchayat and shall preside over its meetings;
3. (c) be responsible for the proper maintenance of the records of the Gram Panchayat;
4. (d) have the general responsibility for the financial and executive administration of the Gram Panchayat.
5. (e) exercise administrative control and supervision over the work of the employees and officers of the Gram Panchayat and

employees whose services may be placed at the disposal of the

Gram Panchayat by any other authority;

1. (f) for the transaction of business connected with this Act or for the purposes of making any order authorised thereby, exercise such powers, perform such functions and discharge such duties as may be exercised, performed or discharged by the Gram Panchayat under this Act or the rules made thereunder; Provided that the Mukhiya shall not exercise such powers or perform such functions or discharge such duties as may be required by the rules made under this Act to be exercised, performed or discharged only by the Gram Panchayat at a meeting;
2. (g) exercise such other powers, perform such other functions and discharge such other duties as the Gram Panchayat may, by general or special resolution, direct or as the Government may, by rules made in this behalf, prescribe.

1. (2) The Up-Mukhiya shall -- (a) exercise such of the powers, perform such of the functions and discharge such of the duties of Mukhiya as the Mukhiya may from time to time, subject to rules made in this behalf by the Government, delegate to him by order in writing : Provided that the Mukhiya may at any time withdraw all or any of the powers, functions and duties so delegated to the Up-Mukhiya ;
   • (b) during the absence of the Mukhiya exercise all the powers, perform all the functions and discharge all the duties of the Mukhiya Provided that as soon as the Mukhiya returns from absence, he will resume the exercise of all such powers and shall start performing all the functions and discharging all the duties of the Mukhiya;
   • (c) exercise such other powers, perform such other functions and discharge such other duties as the Gram Panchayat may, by general or special resolution, direct or as the Government may,

by rules made in this behalf, prescribe.

Mukhiya/ Up-Mukhiya may resign his office by writing under his hand addressed to the District Panchayat Raj Officer.

1. (2) Every resignation under Sub-section (1) shall take effect on the expiry of seven days from the date of its receipt by the District Panchayat Raj Officer, unless within this period of seven days he withdraws such resignation by writing under his hand addressed to the District Panchayat Raj Officer.
2. (3) Every Up-Mukhiya shall vacate the Office if he ceases to be a member of a Gram Panchayat.
3. (4) (i) Removal of Mukhiya by no confidence motion—Every Mukhiya shall be deemed to have vacated his office forthwith if a resolution

expressing want of confidence in him is passed by a simple majority of the total number of voters of the Gram Panchayat at a meeting especially convened for the purpose. The requisition for such a special meeting shall be signed by not less than one fifth of the total number of voters of the Gram Panchayat and shall be delivered to the District Panchayat Raj Officer. The District Panchayat Raj Officer shall, within seven days from the date of receipt of the requisition, fix a meeting of voters of Gram Panchayat at any place within the Gram Panchayat area. The meeting shall be held within 15 days from the date of issue of the notice of the meeting. The meeting shall be presided over by the District Panchayat Raj Officer : Provided that during the first two year period of the tenure, no such motion of no confidence shall be moved against the Mukhiya. Provided further that if the motion of no confidence against the Mukhiya is once rejected, no fresh motion of no confidence against the Mukhiya shall be brought within a period of one year from the date of such rejection of the motion; Provided further that no motion of no confidence against Mukhiya shall be brought during the last six months of the term of Gram Panchayat.

1. (ii) Removal of Up-Mukhiya by no confidence motion—Every Up- Mukhiya shall be deemed to have vacated his office forthwith if a resolution expressing want of confidence in him is passed by a simple majority of the total number of elected members of the Gram Panchayat and Mukhiya at a meeting especially convened for the purpose. The requisition for such a special meeting shall be signed by not less than one third of the total number of elected members of the Gram Panchayat and shall be delivered to the Mukhiya. The Mukhiya shall, within 7 days from the date of receipt of the requisition, convene a special meeting of the Gram Panchayat in the office of the Gram Panchayat for discussion on the motion and shall also preside over the meeting : Provided that during the first two year period of the tenure, no such motion of no confidence shall be moved against the Up- Mukhiya. Provided further that if the motion of no confidence against the Up-Mukhiya is once rejected, no fresh motion of no confidence against the Up-Mukhiya shall be brought within a period of one year from the date of such rejection of the motion; Provided further that no motion of no confidence against Up- Mukhiya shall be brought during the last six months before the expiry of the term of Gram Panchayat.

1. (5) Without prejudice to the provisions under this Act, if, in opinion of the Commissioner having territorial jurisdiction over the Gram Panchayat, a Mukhiya or an Up-Mukhiya of Gram Panchayat absents himself without sufficient cause for more than three consecutive meetings or sittings or willfully omits or refuses to perform his duties and functions under this Act, or abuses the power vested in him or is found to be guilty of misconduct in the discharge of his duties or becomes physically or mentally incapacitated for performing his duties or is absconding being an accused in a criminal case for more than six months, the Commissioner may, after giving the Mukhiya or Up- Mukhiya a reasonable opportunity for explanation, by order, remove such Mukhiya or Up-Mukhiya, as the case may be, from office. The Mukhiya or Up-Mukhiya so removed shall not be eligible for re-election as Mukhiya or Up-Mukhiya or Member of Gram Panchayat during the remaining term of office of such Gram Panchayat.
2. (6) Appeal shall lie before the Member, Board of Revenue against the order of the Commissioner.

Panchayat may resign his membership in writing under his hand addressed to the Mukhiya of the Gram Panchayat and his Office shall become vacant on the expiry of seven days from the date of such resignation unless within the said period of seven days, he withdraws such resignation by writing under his hand addressed to the Mukhiya.

(1) A Gram Panchayat shall meet for the transaction of its business at least once in two months at the office of the Gram Panchayat and at such date and time as the Mukhiya may determine. (2) The Mukhiya may, whenever he thinks fit, and shall upon the written request of not less than one-third of the total number of elected members of the Gram Panchayat, on a date within fifteen days from the receipt of such request, call a special meeting. (3) Seven clear days’ notice of an ordinary meeting and three clear days’ notice of a special meeting specifying the place, date and time of such meeting and the business to be transacted thereat, shall be given by the Panchayat Secretary to the members and to such officers as the Government may prescribe, and it shall be affixed on the notice board of the Gram Panchayat. (4) The officers to whom notice is given under sub-section (3) and other Government Officers having jurisdiction over the Gram Panchayat area or any part thereof shall be entitled to attend every meeting of the Gram Panchayat and take part in the proceedings but shall not have the right to vote. (5) If the Mukhiya fails to call a special meeting as provided in sub- section (2), the Up-Mukhiya or, in his absence, one-third of the total number of members may call such a meeting on a day not more than fifteen days thereafter and require the Panchayat Secretary to give notice to the members and to take such action as may be necessary to convene the meeting.

1. (2) The Mukhiya may, whenever he thinks fit, and shall upon the written request of not less than one-third of the total number of elected members of the Gram Panchayat, on a date within fifteen days from the receipt of such request, call a special meeting.
2. (3) Seven clear days’ notice of an ordinary meeting and three clear days’ notice of a special meeting specifying the place, date and time of such meeting and the business to be transacted thereat, shall be given by the Panchayat Secretary to the members and to such officers as the Government may prescribe, and it shall be affixed on the notice board of the Gram Panchayat.
3. (4) The officers to whom notice is given under sub-section (3) and other Government Officers having jurisdiction over the Gram Panchayat area or any part thereof shall be entitled to attend every meeting of the Gram Panchayat and take part in the proceedings but shall not have the right to vote.
4. (5) If the Mukhiya fails to call a special meeting as provided in sub- section (2), the Up-Mukhiya or, in his absence, one-third of the total number of members may call such a meeting on a day not more than fifteen days thereafter and require the Panchayat Secretary to give notice to the members and to take such action as may be necessary to convene the meeting.

Panchayat shall be half of the total number of members. If, at the time appointed for the meeting, a quorum is not complete or if the meeting has begun and attention is drawn to the want of quorum the presiding officer shall wait for one hour, and if within such period there is no quorum, the presiding officer shall adjourn the meeting to such time on the following day or such future day as he may fix. The business which could not be considered at the meeting so postponed for want of quorum, shall be brought before and disposed of at the subsequent adjourned meeting or meetings for which the same quorum of half of the total number of members shall be required.

1. (2) All questions shall, unless otherwise specifically provided, be decided by a majority of votes of the members present and voting. The Mukhiya or Up-Mukhiya as the case may be, presiding over the meeting, unless he refrains from voting, shall give his vote before declaring the number of votes for and against a question and in case of equality of votes, he may give his casting vote.
2. (3) No member of a Gram Panchayat shall vote on, or take part in the discussion of, any question coming up for consideration at a meeting of the Gram Panchayat, if the question is one in which, apart from its general application to the public, he has any pecuniary or personal interest and if the person presiding has such an interest, he shall not preside over the meeting when such question comes up for consideration.
3. (4) If any member present at the meeting believes that the person

presiding has any pecuniary or personal interest in any matter under discussion, and if a motion to that effect be carried, the latter shall not preside over the meeting during such discussion or vote on or take part in it. Any member of the Gram Panchayat may be chosen to preside at the meeting during the continuance of such discussion.

Subject to such condition as may be prescribed by the Government from time to time, the Gram Panchayat shall perform the functions specified below : (i) General Functions. — (1) Preparation of annual plans for the development of the Panchayat area; (2) Preparation of annual budget; (3) Power to take up relief works during natural calamities; (4) Removal of encroachments on public properties; (5) Organising voluntary labour and contribution for community works; (6) Maintenance of essential statistics of village(s). (ii) Agriculture, including Agriculture Extension. — (1)Promotion and development of agriculture and horticulture; (2) Development of waste lands; (3) Development and maintenance of grazing lands and preventing their unauthorised alienation and use. (iii) Animal Husbandry, Dairy and Poultry — (1) Improvement of breed of cattle, poultry and other livestock; (2) Promotion of dairy farming, poultry and piggery; (3) Grassland development. (iv) Fisheries. — Development of fisheries in the village(s). (v) Social and Farm Forestry, Minor Forest Produce, Fuel and Fodde — (1) Planting and preservation of trees on the sides of roads and other public lands under its control. (2) Fuel plantations and fodder development; (3) Promotion of farm forestry; (4) Development of Social Forestry. (vi) Khadi, Village and Cottage Industries — (1) Promotion of rural and cottage industries; (2) Organisation of awareness camps, seminars and training programmes, agricultural and industrial exhibitions for the benefit of rural areas. (vii) Rural Housing — (1) Distribution of house sites within its jurisdiction. (2) Maintenance of records relating to house sites and other private and public properties. (viii) Drinking Water — (1) Construction, repair and maintenance of drinking water wells, tanks, ponds and hand pumps; (2) Prevention and control of water pollution; (3) Maintenance of rural water supply schemes. (ix) Roads, Buildings, Culverts, Bridges, Ferries, Waterways and other means of communication — (1) Construction and maintenance of village roads, drains and culverts; (2) Maintenance of buildings under its control or transferred to it by the Government or any public authority; (3) Maintenance of boats, ferries and waterways. (x) Rural Electrification, including distribution of electricity and providing for and maintenance of lighting public streets and other places. (xi) Non-Conventional Energy Sources — (1) Promotion and development of non-conventional energy schemes; (2) Setting up, development and maintenance of community non- conventional energy devices; (3) Propagation of other energy efficient devices. (xii) Poverty Alleviation Programmes — (1) Promotion of public awareness and participation in poverty alleviation programmes for fuller employment and creation of productive assets; (2) Selection of beneficiaries under various programmes through Gram Sabhas; (3) Participation in effective implementation and monitoring of poverty alleviation programmes. (xiii) Education, including primary and secondary school education — (1) Promotion of public awareness and participation in primary and secondary education; (2) Ensuring full enrollment and attendance in primary schools and their management. (xiv) Adult and non-formal education — Promotion of mass literacy. (xv) Libraries — Village libraries and reading rooms. (xvi) Cultural and Sports Activities — Promotion of social, cultural and sports activities. (xvii) Markets and Fairs. — Regulation and management of fairs (including cattle fairs) and festivals. (xviii) Rural Sanitation and Environment — (1) Maintenance of general sanitation; (2) Cleaning of public roads, drains, tanks, wells and other public places; (3) Maintenance and regulation of burning and burial grounds; (4) Construction and maintenance of public latrines; (5) Disposal of unclaimed corpses and carcasses; (6) Management and control of washing and bathing ghats. (7) Upgradation of environment and prevention of its degradation (xix) Public Health and Family Welfare — (1) Implementation of family welfare programmes and Public Health Centers; (2) Prevention of and taking remedial measures against epidemics; (3) Regulation of sale of meat, fish and other perishable food articles; (4) Participation in programmes of human and animal vaccination; (5) Licensing of eating and entertainment establishments; (6) Regulation of curing, tanning and dyeing of skins and hides; (7) Regulation of offensive and dangerous trades. (xx) Women and Child Development — (1) Participation in the implementation of women and child welfare programmes; (2) Promotion of education, health and nutrition programmes. (xxi) Social Welfare including welfare of the physically and mentally challenged (1) Participation in the implementation of the social welfare programmes, including welfare of physically and mentally challenged persons as well as destitutes; (2) Monitoring of the old-age and widows’ pension schemes. (xxii) Welfare of the Weaker Sections and in particular the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes — (1) Promotion of public awareness with regard to welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections; (2) Participation in the implementation of the specific programmes for the welfare of the weaker sections. (xxiii) Public Distribution System — (1) Promotion of public awareness with regard to the distribution of essential commodities; (2) Monitoring the public distribution system. (xxiv) Maintenance of Community Assets — (1) Maintenance of community assets belonging to the Gram Panchayat; (2) Preservation and maintenance of other community assets. (xxv) Construction and maintenance of Dharmshalas, Hostels and similar institutions. (xxvi) Construction and maintenance of cattle sheds, pounds and cart stands. (xxvii)Construction and maintenance of slaughter houses. (xxviii) Maintenance of public parks, playgrounds, etc. (xxix) Regulation of garbage bins in public places. (xxx) Establishment and control of huts and sheds, and (xxxi) Such other functions as may be entrusted.

1. (i) General Functions. — (1) Preparation of annual plans for the development of the Panchayat area;

1. (2) Preparation of annual budget;
2. (3) Power to take up relief works during natural calamities;
3. (4) Removal of encroachments on public properties;
4. (5) Organising voluntary labour and contribution for community works;
5. (6) Maintenance of essential statistics of village(s).
   • (ii) Agriculture, including Agriculture Extension. — (1)Promotion and development of agriculture and horticulture;
6. (2) Development of waste lands;
7. (3) Development and maintenance of grazing lands and preventing their unauthorised alienation and use.
   • (iii) Animal Husbandry, Dairy and Poultry — (1) Improvement of breed of cattle, poultry and other livestock;
8. (2) Promotion of dairy farming, poultry and piggery;
9. (3) Grassland development.
   • (iv) Fisheries. — Development of fisheries in the village(s).
   • (v) Social and Farm Forestry, Minor Forest Produce, Fuel and Fodde —
10. (1) Planting and preservation of trees on the sides of roads and other public lands under its control.
11. (2) Fuel plantations and fodder development;
12. (3) Promotion of farm forestry;
13. (4) Development of Social Forestry.
    • (vi) Khadi, Village and Cottage Industries — (1) Promotion of rural and cottage industries;
14. (2) Organisation of awareness camps, seminars and training programmes, agricultural and industrial exhibitions for the benefit of rural areas.
    • (vii) Rural Housing — (1) Distribution of house sites within its jurisdiction.
15. (2) Maintenance of records relating to house sites and other private and public properties.
    • (viii) Drinking Water — (1) Construction, repair and maintenance of drinking water wells, tanks, ponds and hand pumps;
16. (2) Prevention and control of water pollution;
17. (3) Maintenance of rural water supply schemes.
    • (ix) Roads, Buildings, Culverts, Bridges, Ferries, Waterways and other

means of communication — (1) Construction and maintenance of village roads, drains and culverts;

1. (2) Maintenance of buildings under its control or transferred to it by the Government or any public authority;
2. (3) Maintenance of boats, ferries and waterways.
   • (x) Rural Electrification, including distribution of electricity and providing for and maintenance of lighting public streets and other places.
   • (xi) Non-Conventional Energy Sources — (1) Promotion and development of non-conventional energy schemes;
3. (2) Setting up, development and maintenance of community non- conventional energy devices;
4. (3) Propagation of other energy efficient devices.
   • (xii) Poverty Alleviation Programmes — (1) Promotion of public awareness and participation in poverty alleviation programmes for fuller employment and creation of productive assets;
5. (2) Selection of beneficiaries under various programmes through Gram Sabhas;
6. (3) Participation in effective implementation and monitoring of poverty alleviation programmes.
   • (xiii) Education, including primary and secondary school education — (1) Promotion of public awareness and participation in primary and secondary education;
7. (2) Ensuring full enrollment and attendance in primary schools and their management.
   • (xiv) Adult and non-formal education — Promotion of mass literacy.
   • (xv) Libraries — Village libraries and reading rooms.
   • (xvi) Cultural and Sports Activities — Promotion of social, cultural and sports activities.
   • (xvii) Markets and Fairs. — Regulation and management of fairs (including cattle fairs) and festivals.

(xviii) Rural Sanitation and Environment — (1) Maintenance of general sanitation;

1. (2) Cleaning of public roads, drains, tanks, wells and other public places;
2. (3) Maintenance and regulation of burning and burial grounds;
3. (4) Construction and maintenance of public latrines;
4. (5) Disposal of unclaimed corpses and carcasses;
5. (6) Management and control of washing and bathing ghats.
6. (7) Upgradation of environment and prevention of its degradation
   • (xix) Public Health and Family Welfare — (1) Implementation of family welfare programmes and Public Health Centers;
7. (2) Prevention of and taking remedial measures against epidemics;
8. (3) Regulation of sale of meat, fish and other perishable food articles;
9. (4) Participation in programmes of human and animal vaccination;
10. (5) Licensing of eating and entertainment establishments;
11. (6) Regulation of curing, tanning and dyeing of skins and hides;
12. (7) Regulation of offensive and dangerous trades.
    • (xx) Women and Child Development — (1) Participation in the implementation of women and child welfare programmes;
13. (2) Promotion of education, health and nutrition programmes.
    • (xxi) Social Welfare including welfare of the physically and mentally challenged
14. (1) Participation in the implementation of the social welfare programmes, including welfare of physically and mentally challenged persons as well as destitutes;
15. (2) Monitoring of the old-age and widows’ pension schemes.
    • (xxii) Welfare of the Weaker Sections and in particular the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes — (1) Promotion of public awareness with regard to welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections;
16. (2) Participation in the implementation of the specific programmes for the welfare of the weaker sections. (xxiii) Public Distribution System — (1) Promotion of public awareness with regard to the distribution of essential commodities;
17. (2) Monitoring the public distribution system.
    • (xxiv) Maintenance of Community Assets — (1) Maintenance of community assets belonging to the Gram Panchayat;
18. (2) Preservation and maintenance of other community assets.
    • (xxv) Construction and maintenance of Dharmshalas, Hostels and similar institutions.
    • (xxvi) Construction and maintenance of cattle sheds, pounds and cart stands. (xxvii)Construction and maintenance of slaughter houses. (xxviii) Maintenance of public parks, playgrounds, etc.
    • (xxix) Regulation of garbage bins in public places.
    • (xxx) Establishment and control of huts and sheds, and
    • (xxxi) Such other functions as may be entrusted.

may, by notification and subject to such conditions as may be specified therein —

1. (a) transfer to any Gram Panchayat the management and maintenance of a forest situated in the Panchayat area;
2. (b) make over to the Gram Panchayat the management of waste lands, pasture lands or vacant lands belonging to the Government, situated within the Panchayat area;
3. (c) Entrust to the Gram Panchayat the collection of land revenue on behalf of the Government and the maintenance of such records as are connected therewith; and
4. (d) Entrust such other functions as may be prescribed : Provided that no entrustment under clause (c) shall be made without the concurrence of the Gram Panchayat concerned : Provided further that when any transfer of the management and maintenance of a forest is made under clause (a) the Government shall direct that any amount required for such management and maintenance or an adequate portion of the income from such forest be placed at the disposal of the Gram Panchayat.

1. (2) The Government may, by notification, modify, change or withdraw the functions assigned under this Section.

A Gram Panchayat shall have powers to do all acts necessary for or incidental to the carrying out of the functions entrusted, assigned or delegated to it and in particular and without prejudice to the foregoing powers, to exercise all powers specified under this Act.

(1)A Gram Panchayat shall constitute the following committees by election from among its members for effective discharge of its functions - (i) Planning, Co-ordination and Finance Committee: for performing general functions relating to Gram Panchayat including subjects mentioned in section 22, co-ordination of the work of other committees and all residuary functions not under the charge of other committees. (ii) Production Committee - for performing functions relating to agriculture, animal husbandry, dairy, poultry and fisheries, forestry- related areas, khadi, village and cottage industries and poverty alleviation programmes. (iii) Social Justice Committee: for performing functions relating to : a. Promotion of educational, economic, social, cultural and other interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections. b. Protection of such castes and classes from social injustice and all forms of exploitation. c. Welfare of women and children. (iv) Education Committee - for performing functions relating to education, including primary, secondary and mass education, libraries and cultural activities. (v) Committee on Public Health, Family Welfare and Rural Sanitation - for performing functions relating to public health, family welfare and rural sanitation. (vi) Public Works Committee - for performing functions relating to all kinds of constructions and maintenance including rural housing, sources of water supply, roads and other means of communication, rural electrification and related works. (2) Each committee shall consist of not less than three and not more than five members including the Chairman. Each committee can co-opt not more than two members from among experts or public spirited persons for effective discharge of its responsibilities. (3) The Mukhiya shall be the ex-officio member and chairman of the Planning, Co-ordination and Finance Committee and shall nominate a chairman of each committee from among its elected members. Mukhiya shall not hold charge of chairman of more than three committees including the Planning,Co-ordination and Finance Committee. Provided that each committee shall have at least one woman member and further, social justice committee shall have a member belonging to the Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes, subject to availability. (4) As far as possible, no elected member of the Gram Panchayat shall serve on more than three committees. (5) Panchayat Secretary shall be the secretary of the Planning, Co- ordination and Finance Committee. For other Standing Committees the District Magistrate or any other officer authorised by him in this behalf shall nominate a Government servant to function as secretary. (6) The standing committees shall perform the functions referred to above under the general guidance, supervision and control of the

1. (i) Planning, Co-ordination and Finance Committee: for performing general functions relating to Gram Panchayat including subjects mentioned in section 22, co-ordination of the work of other committees and all residuary functions not under the charge of other committees.
2. (ii) Production Committee - for performing functions relating to agriculture, animal husbandry, dairy, poultry and fisheries, forestry- related areas, khadi, village and cottage industries and poverty alleviation programmes.
3. (iii) Social Justice Committee: for performing functions relating to : a. Promotion of educational, economic, social, cultural and other interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections.

b. Protection of such castes and classes from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.

c. Welfare of women and children.

1. (iv) Education Committee - for performing functions relating to education, including primary, secondary and mass education, libraries and cultural activities.
2. (v) Committee on Public Health, Family Welfare and Rural Sanitation - for performing functions relating to public health, family welfare and rural sanitation.
3. (vi) Public Works Committee - for performing functions relating to all kinds of constructions and maintenance including rural housing, sources of water supply, roads and other means of communication, rural electrification and related works.

1. (2) Each committee shall consist of not less than three and not more than

five members including the Chairman. Each committee can co-opt not more than two members from among experts or public spirited persons for effective discharge of its responsibilities.

1. (3) The Mukhiya shall be the ex-officio member and chairman of the Planning, Co-ordination and Finance Committee and shall nominate a chairman of each committee from among its elected members. Mukhiya shall not hold charge of chairman of more than three committees including the Planning,Co-ordination and Finance Committee. Provided that each committee shall have at least one woman member and further, social justice committee shall have a member belonging to the Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes, subject to availability.
2. (4) As far as possible, no elected member of the Gram Panchayat shall serve on more than three committees.
3. (5) Panchayat Secretary shall be the secretary of the Planning, Co- ordination and Finance Committee. For other Standing Committees the District Magistrate or any other officer authorised by him in this behalf shall nominate a Government servant to function as secretary.
4. (6) The standing committees shall perform the functions referred to above under the general guidance, supervision and control of the

Property and Funds of Gram Panchayat : — (1) A Gram Panchayat shall have the power to acquire, hold and dispose of property and to enter into contract, Provided that in all cases of disposal of immovable property by the Gram Panchayat, it shall obtain the prior approval of the Government.

1. (2) All property within the local limits of the jurisdiction of Gram Panchayat of the nature hereinafter in this section specified, other than property belonging to or maintained by the Central or the State Government or a local authority or any other Gram Panchayat, shall vest in and belong to the Gram Panchayat, and shall with all other property of whatsoever nature or kind which may become vested in the Gram Panchayat, be under its direction, management and control, that is to say—
   • (a) All general properties;
   • (b) All public streets, including the soil, stones and other materials thereof and all drains, bridges, culverts, trees, erection materials, implements and other things provided for such streets;
   • (c) All public channels, water courses, springs, tanks, ghats, reservoirs, cisterns, wells, aquaducts, conduits, tunnels, pipes, pumps and other water works whether made, laid or erected at the cost of the Gram Panchayat or otherwise, and all bridges, buildings, engines, work, materials, and things connected therewith or appertaining thereto and also any adjacent land (not being private property) appertaining to any public tank : Provided that water pipes and water works, connected therewith or appertaining thereto which with the consent of the Gram Panchayat are laid or set up in any street by the owners of any mill, factory, industry, workshop or the like, primarily for the use of their employees shall not be deemed to be public water works by reason of their being used by the public;
   • (d) All public sewers and drains and all works, materials and things appertaining thereto and other conservancy works : Provided that for the purpose of enlarging, deepening or otherwise repairing or maintaining any such sewer or drain the sub- soil appertaining thereto shall also be deemed to vest in the Gram Panchayat;
   • (e) All sewage, rubbish and offensive matter deposited on streets or collected by the Gram Panchayat from streets, latrines, urinals, sewers, cesspools and other places;
   • (f) All public lamps, lamp-posts and apparatus connected therewith or appertaining thereto; and
   • (g) All buildings erected by the Gram Panchayat and all lands and buildings or the property transferred to the Gram Panchayat by the Central or the State Government or acquired by gift, purchase or otherwise for local public purposes.
2. (3) The State Government may, by notification, exclude any street, bridge or drain from the operation of this Act or of any specified section of this Act : Provided that if the cost of the construction of the work had been paid from the Gram Panchayat Fund, such work shall not be excluded

from the operation of this Act or any specified Section of this Act, except after consideration of the views of the Gram Panchayat at a meeting.

1. (4) The Government may allocate to a Gram Panchayat any public property situated within its local jurisdiction, and thereupon such property shall vest in and come under the control of the Gram Panchayat.
2. (5) For every Gram Panchayat there shall be constituted a Gram Panchayat Fund bearing the name of the Gram Panchayat and there shall be placed to the credit thereof —
   • (a) Contributions and grants, if any, made by the Central or the State Government;
   • (b) Contributions and grants, if any, made by the Zila Parishad, Panchayat Samiti or any other local authority;
   • (c) Loans, if any, granted by the Central or the State Government;
   • (d) All receipts on accounts of taxes, rates and fees levied by it;
   • (e) All receipts in respect of any schools, hospitals, dispensaries, buildings, institutions or works vested in, constructed by or placed under the control and management of the Gram Panchayat;
   • (f) All sums received as gift or contribution and all income from any trust or endowment made in favour of the Gram Panchayat;
   • (g) Such fines and penalties imposed and realised under the provisions of this Act as may be prescribed; and
   • (h) All other sums received by or on behalf of the Gram Panchayat.
3. (6) Every Gram Panchayat shall set apart and apply annually such sum as may be required to meet—
   • (a) The cost of its own administration including the payment of salary, allowances, provident fund and gratuity to the officers and employees.
   • (b) Every Gram Panchayat shall have the power to spend such sums as it thinks fit for carrying out the purposes of this Act.
   • (c) The Gram Panchayat Fund shall be vested in the Gram

Taxation by Gram Panchayat : —(1) Subject to such rules as may be made in this behalf and the maximum rates specified by the Government, a Gram Panchayat may impose yearly —

1. (a) Tax on occupants of holdings;
2. (b) On professions, trades, callings and employments carried on or held within the local limits of its jurisdiction a tax on the basis of total annual income accrued from such profession, trades, callings and employments.

1. (2) Subject to such maximum rates as the Government may prescribe, a Gram Panchayat may realize the following fees and rates, namely –
   • (a) Fees on the registration of vehicles which are not registered under any other law in force at that time;
   • (b) Fee for providing sanitary arrangements at such places of pilgrimage, haats, melas and public use within its jurisdiction as may be specified by the Government by notification;
   • (c) Water Rate, where arrangement for the supply of water for drinking, irrigation or any other purpose is made by or on behalf of the Gram Panchayat within its jurisdiction;
   • (d) Lighting Fee, where arrangement for lighting of public streets and places is made by or on behalf of the Gram Panchayat within its jurisdiction;
   • (e) Conservancy Rate, where arrangement for cleaning private latrines, urinals and cesspools is made by or on behalf of the Gram Panchayat within its jurisdiction.

provisions of this section, every Panchayat shall, after an appropriation made by law in this behalf, be entitled to receive grants in aid from the

Budget of the Gram Panchayat — Every Gram Panchayat shall, at such time and in such manner as may be prescribed, prepare in each year, corresponding to the financial year of the State Government, a budget of its estimated receipts and disbursements for the following year and shall get it approved in its meeting by a majority of members present and for which the quorum shall be not less than fifty per cent of its total numbers of members.

The income and expenditure account of every Gram Panchayat shall be maintained in such form and manner as prescribed.

1. (1) The audit of the accounts of a Gram Panchayat shall be carried out by the authority as may be prescribed by the Government and a copy of the audit report shall be forwarded to the Gram Panchayat within one month of the completion of the audit.
2. (2) On receipt of the audit report referred to in sub-section (1), the Gram Panchayat shall either remedy the defects or irregularities which have been pointed out in the audit and send to the Panchayat Samiti within three months an intimation of its having done so or shall, within the said period, supply any further explanation to the prescribed authority in regard to such defects or irregularities as it may wish to give.
3. (3) Apart from audit conducted by the prescribed authority mentioned in sub-section (1) above, concurrent audit or special audit of a Gram Panchayat may be made in the manner prescribed for this purpose.

(1)There shall be a Panchayat Secretary in Gram Panchayat to be appointed in the manner as may be prescribed.

1. (2) The Panchayat Secretary shall be in charge of the office of the Gram Panchayat and shall perform all the duties and exercise all the powers imposed or conferred upon him by or under this Act or any rules or bye-laws made thereunder or under any other Act or Rules for the time being in force.
2. (3) Subject to such rules as may be made by the State Government in this behalf, a Gram Panchayat may from time to time engage such number of paid or honorary functionaries or professionals as may be required by it for carrying out its functions.

for meeting emergent events like fire, flood, breach of embankment, collapse of bridge, outbreak of epidemic, to encounter burglary or dacoity etc. or in order to perform such other duties that may be imposed by the Government from time to time and for maintenance of public peace and order, a Gram Raksha Dal shall be organised under a Dalpati, appointed in the prescribed manner, for every Gram Panchayat and all able-bodied persons of a village between the ages of 18 and 30 years shall be members of the said Dal. The Government may make rules for the organisation, duty and utilisation of Gram Raksha Dal.