Andhra Pradesh Transplantation of Human Organs Act, 1995

THE ANDHRA PRADESH TRANSPLANTATION OF HUMAN ORGANS ACT, 1995

(1) This Act may be called the Andhra Pradesh Transplantation of Human Organs Act, 1995. (2) It extends to the whole of the State of Andhra Pradesh. (3) It shall be deemed to have come in to force on the 9th March, 1995.

In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,- (a) “advertisement” includes any form of advertising whether to the public generally or to any section of the public or individually to selected persons; (b) “Appropriate Authority” means the Appropriate Authority appointed under section 13; (c) “Authorisation Committee” means the Committee constituted under sub-section (4) of section 9; (d) “brain-stem death” means the stage at which all functions of the brain-stem have permanently and irreversibly ceased and is so certified under sub-section (6) of section 3; (e) “deceased person” means a person in whom permanent disappearance of all evidence of life occurs; by reason of brain-stem death or in a cardio pulmonary sense, at any time after live birth has taken place; (f) “donor” means any person, not less than eighteen years of age, who voluntarily authorises in full consciousness after being explained the full consequences of removing the organ by the Doctor who would be removing the organ, the removal of any of his human organs for therapeutic purposes under sub-section (1) or subsection (2) of section 3; (g) “Government” means the State Government; (h) “hospital” includes a nursing home, clinic, medical Centre, medical or teaching institution for therapeutic purposes and other like institution; (i) “human organ” means any part of a human body consisting or a structured arrangement of tissues which, if wholly removed, cannot be replicated by the body; (j) “near relative” means spouse, son, daughter, father, mother, brother or sister; (k) “notification” means a notification published in the Andhra Pradesh Gazette; (l) “payment” means payment in money or money's worth but does not include any payment for defraying or reimbursing,- (i) the cost of removing, transporting or preserving the human organ to be supplied; or (ii) any expenses or loss of earnings incurred by a person so far as reasonably and directly attributable to his supplying any human organ from his body; (m) “prescribed” means prescribed by rules made under this Act; (n) “recipient” means a person into whom any human organ is, or is proposed to be, transplanted; (o) “registered medical practitioner” means a medical practitioner who possesses any recognised medical qualification as defined in clause (h) of section 2 of the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 (Central Act 102 of 1956), and who is enrolled on a State Medical Register as defined in clause (k) of that section; (p) “therapeutic purposes” means systematic treatment of any disease or the measures to improve health according to any particular method or modality; and (q) “transplantation” means the grafting of any human organ from any living person or deceased person to some other living person for therapeutic purposes.

(1) Any donor may, in such manner and subject to such conditions as may be prescribed, authorise the removal, in full consciousness and after being explained the full consequences of removing the organ by the doctor who would be removing the organ in presence of his spouse, if living, and in the presence of daughter or son or sister or brother in the same order and in the presence of mother or father in case of un-married persons before his death, of any human organ of his body for therapeutic purposes. (2) If any donor had, in writing and in presence of two or more witnesses spouse if living, and in the presence of daughter or son or sister or brother in that order and in the presence of mother or father or sister or brother in the case of un-married persons unequivocally authorised at any time before his death, the removal of any human organ of his body, after his death, for therapeutic purposes, the person lawfully in possession of the dead body of the donor shall unless he has any reason to believe that the donor had subsequently revoked the authority aforesaid, grant to a registered medical practitioner all reasonable facilities for the removal, for therapeutic purposes, of that human organ from the dead body of the donor. (3) Where no such authority as is referred to in subsection (2), was made by any person before his death but no objection was also expressed by such person to any of his human organs being used after his death for therapeutic purposes. the person lawfully in possession of the dead body of such person may, unless he has reason to believe that any near relative of the deceased person has objection to any of the deceased person, human organs being used for therapeutic purposes, authorise the removal of any human or an of the deceased person for its use for therapeutic purposes. (4) The authority given under sub-section (1) or subsection (2) or, as the case may be, sub-section (3) shall be sufficient warrant for the removal, for the therapeutic purposes, of the human organ; but no such removal shall be made by any person other than the registered medical practitioner. (5) Where any human organ is to be removed from the body of a deceased person, the registered medical practitioner shall satisfy himself, before such removal, by a personal examination of the body from which any human organ is to be removed, that life is extinct in such body or where it appears to be case of brainstem death that such death has been certified under sub-section (6). (6) Where any human organ is to be removed from the body of a person in the event of his brain-stem death, no such removal shall be undertaken unless such death is certified unanimoulsy in such form and in such manner and on satisfaction of such conditions and requirements as may be prescribed, by a Board of medical experts consisting of the following, namely:- (i) the registered medical practitioner in charge of the hospital in which brain-stem death has occurred; (ii) an independent registered medical practitioner, being a specialist to be nominated by the registered medical practitioner specified in clause (i) from the panel of names approved by the Appropriate Authority; (iii) a neurologist or a neurosurgeon to be nominated by the registered medical practitioner specified in clause (i), from the panel of names approved by the Appropriate Authority; and (iv) the registered medical practitioner treating the person whose brain-stem death has occurred. (7) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (3), where brain-stem death of any person less than eighteen years of age, occurs and is certified under subsection (6), any of the parents of the deceased person may give authority, in such form and in such manner as may be prescribed, for the removal of any human organ from the body of the deceased person.

(1) No facilities shall be granted under sub-section (2) of section 3 and no authority shall be given under subsection (3) of that section for the removal of any human organ from the body of a deceased person if the person required to grant such facilities, or empowered to give such authority, has reason to believe that an inquest may be required to be held in relation to such body in pursuance of the provisions of any law for time being in force. (2) No authority for the removal of any human organ from the body of a deceased person shall be given by a person to whom such body has been entrusted solely for the purpose of internment cremation or other disposal.

(1) In the case of a dead body lying in hospital or person and not claimed by any of the near relatives of the deceased person within forty-eight hours from the time of the death of the concerned person, the authority for the removal of any human organ from the dead body which so remained unclaimed may be given, in the prescribed form by the person incharge, for the time being, of the management or control of the hospital or prison, or by an employee of such hospital or prison authorised in this behalf by the person incharge of the management or control thereof. (2) No authority shall be given under sub-section (1) if the person so empowered to given such authority has reason to believe that any near relative of the deceased person is likely to claim the dead body eventhough such near relative has not come forward to claim the body of the deceased person within the time specified in sub-section (1).

(a) for medico-legal purposes by reason of the death of such person having been caused by accident or any other un-natural cause; or (b) for pathological purposes, the person competent under this act to give authority for the removal of any human organ from such dead body may, if he has reason to believe that such human organ will not be required for the purpose for which such body has been sent for postmortem examination, authorise the removal, for therapeutic purposes, of that human organ of the deceased person provided that he is satisfied that the deceased person had not expressed, before his death, any objection to any of his human organs being used, for therapeutic purposes after his death or, where he had granted an authority for the use of any of his human organs for therapeutic purposes after his death, such authority had not been revoked by him before his death.

After the removal of any human organ from the body of any person, the registered medical practitioner shall take such steps for the preservation of the human organ so removed as may be prescribed.

(1) Nothing, in the foregoing provisions of this Act shall be construed as rendering unlawful any dealing with the body or with any part of the body of a deceased person, if such dealing would have been lawful if this Act had not been passed. (2) Neither the grant of any facility of authority for the removal of any human organ from the body of a deceased person in accordance with the provisions of this Act nor the removal of any human organ from the body of a deceased person in pursuance of such authority shall be deemed to be an offence punishable, under section 277 (Central Act 45 of 1860) of the Indian Penal Code.

(1) Save as otherwise provided in sub-section (3), no human organ removed from the body of a donor before his death shall be transplanted into a recipient unless the donor is a near relative of the recipient. (2) Where any donor authorises the removal of any of his human organs after his death under sub-section (2) of section 3 or any person competent or empowered to give authority for the removal of any human organ from the body of any deceased person authorises such removal, the human organ may be removed and transplanted into the body of any recipient who may be in need of such human organ. (3) If any donor authorises the removal of any of his human organs before his death under sub-section (1) of section 3 for transplantation into the body of such recipient, not being a near relative, as is specified by the donor by reason of affection or attachment towards the recipient or for any other special reasons such human organ shall not be removed and transplanted without the prior approval of the Authorisation Committee. (4) The Government shall constitute by notification, one or more Authorisation Committees consisting of such members as may be nominated by the Government on such terms and conditions as may be specified in the notification for the purposes of this section. (5) On an application jointly made in such form and in on such manner as may be prescribed by the donor and the recipient the Authorisation Committee shall after holding an inquiry and after satisfying itself that the applicants have complied with all the requirements of this Act and the rules made thereunder, grant to the applicants approval for the removal and transplantation of the human organ. (6) If after the inquiry and after giving an opportunity to the applicants of being heard the Authorisation Committee is satisfied that the applicants have not complied with the requirements of this Act and the rules made thereunder it shall for reasons to be recorded in writing reject the application for approval.

(1) On and from the commencement of this Act:- (a) no hospital unless registered under this Act shall conduct or associate with or help in the removal, storage or transplantation of any human organ; (b) no medical practitioner or any other person shall conduct or cause to be conducted, or aid in conducting by himself or through any other person any activity relating to the removal, storage or transplantation of any human organ at a place other than a place registered under this Act, and (c) no place including a hospital registered under sub-section (1) of section 15 shall be used or caused to be used by any person for the removal storage of transplantation of any human organ except for therapeutic purposes. (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) the eyes or the ears may be removed at any place from the dead body of any donor, for therapeutic purposes, by a registered, medical practitioner. Explanation - For the purposes of this sub-section “ears” include ear drums and ear bones.

No donor and no person empowered to give authority for the removal of any human organ shall authorise the removal of any human organ for any purpose other than therapeutic purposes.

No registered medical practitioner shall undertake the removal or transplantation of any human organ unless he had explain in such manner as may be prescribed, all possible effects complications and hazards connected with the removal and transplantation to the donor and the recipient respectively.

(1) The Government shall appoint, by notification, one or more officers as Appropriate Authorities for the purpose of this Act. (2) The Appropriate Authority shall perform the following functions, namely:- (i) to grant registration under sub-section (1) of section 15 or renew registration under sub-section (3) of that section; (ii) to suspend or cancel registration under subsection (2) of section 16; (iii) to enforce such standards, as may be prescribed for hospitals engaged in the removal, storage or transplantation of any human organ; (iv) to investigate any complaint or breach of any of the provisions of this Act or any of the rules made thereunder and take appropriate action; (v) to inspect hospitals periodically for examination of the quality of transplantation and the follow-up medical care to persons who have undergone transplantation and persons from whom organs are removed; and (vi) to undertake such other measures as may be prescribed.

(1) No hospital shall commence any activity relating to the removal, storage or transplantation of any human organ for therapeutic purposes after the commencement of this Act unless such hospital is duly registered under this Act: Provided that every hospital engaged either partly or exclusively, in any activity relating to the removal, storage or transplantation of any human organ for therapeutic purposes immediately before the commencement of this Act, shall apply for registration within sixty days from the date of such commencement: Provided further that every hospital engaged in any activity relating to the removal, storage or transplantation of any human organ shall cease to engage in any such activity on the expiry of three months from the date of commencement of this Act unless such hospital has applied for registration and is so registered or till such application is disposed of, whichever is earlier. (2) Every application for registration under sub-section (1) shall be made to the Appropriate Authority in such form and in such manner and shall be accompanied by such fees as may be prescribed. (3) No hospital shall be registered under this Act unless the Appropriate Authority is satisfied that such hospital is in a position to provide such specialised services and facilities, possess such skilled man power and equipments and maintain such standards as may be prescribed.

(1) The Appropriate Authority shall, after holding an enquiry and after satisfying itself that the applicant has complied with all the requirements of this Act and the rules made thereunder grant to the hospital a certificate of registration in such form for such period and subject to such conditions as may be prescribed. (2) If, after the inquiry and after giving an opportunity to the applicant of being heard, the Appropriate Authority is satisfied that the applicant has not complied with the requirements of this Act and the rules made thereunder, it shall, for reasons to be recorded in writing, reject the application for registration. (3) Every certificate of registration shall be renewed in such manner and on payment of such fees as may be prescribed.

(1) The Appropriate Authority may, suo motu or on complaint, issue a notice to any hospital to show cause why its registration under this Act should not be suspended or cancelled for the reasons mentioned in the notice. (2) If, after giving a reasonable opportunity of being heard to the hospital the appropriate authority is satisfied that there has been a breach of any of the provisions of this Act or the rules made thereunder it may, without prejudice to any criminal action that it may take against such hospital, suspend its registration for such period as it may think fit or cancel its registration; Provided that where the Appropriate Authority is of the opinion that it is necessary or expedient so to do in the public interest, it may, for reasons to be recorded in writing suspend the registration of any hospital without issuing any notice.

Any person aggrieved by an order of the Authorisation Committee rejecting an application for approval under sub-section (6) of section 9, or any hospital aggrieved by an order of the Appropriate Authority rejecting an application for registration under sub-section (2) of section 15 or an order of suspension or cancellation of registration under sub-section (2) of section 16, may, within thirty days from the date of the receipt of the order, prefer an appeal, in such manner as may be prescribed, against, such order to the Government.

(1) Any person who renders his services to or at any hospital and who, for purposes of transplantation, conducts, associates with or helps in any manner in, the removal of any human organ without authority, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to five years and with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees. (2) Where any person convicted under sub-section (1) is registered medical practitioner, his name shall be reported by the Appropriate Authority to the State Medical Council for taking necessary action including the removal of his name from the register of the Council for a period of two years for the first offence and permanently for the subsequent offence.

Whoever,- (a) makes or receives any payment for the supply of, or for an offer to supply, any human organ; (b) seeks to find a person willing to supply for payment any human organ; (c) offers to supply any human organ for payment; (d) initiates or negotiates any arrangement involving the making of any payment for the supply of, or for an offer to supply, any human organ; (e) takes part in the management or control of a body of persons, whether a society, firm or company, whose activities consist of or include the initiation or negotiation of any arrangement referred to in clause (d); or (f) publishes or distributes or causes to be published or distributed any advertisement,- (i) inviting persons to supply for payment of any human organ; (ii) offering to supply any human organ for payment; or (iii) indicating that the advertiser is willing to initiate or negotiate any arrangement referred to in clause (d) shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than two years but which may extend to seven years and shall be liable to fine which shall not be less than ten thousand rupees; but may extend to twenty thousand rupees: Provided that the court may, for any adequate and special reason to be mentioned in the judgment, impose a sentence of imprisonment for a term of less than two years and a fine less than ten thousand rupees.

Whoever contravenes any provision of this Act or any rule made, or any condition of the registration granted, thereunder for which no punishment is separately provided in this Act shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years or with fine with may extend to five thousand rupees.

(1) Where any offence, punishable under this Act, has been committed by a company, every person who at the time the offence was committed was in charge of, and was responsible to the company for the conduct of the business of the company, as well as the company, shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly: Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section shall render any such person liable to any punishment, if he proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge or that he had exercised all due deligence to prevent the commission of such offence. (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) where any offence punishable under this Act has been committed by a company and it is proved that the offence has been committed with the consent or connivance of, or is attributable to any neglect on the part of any director, manager, secretary or other officer of the company such director, manager, secretary or other officer shall also be deemed to be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. Explanation:- For the purposes of this section,- (a) “company” means any body corporate and includes a firm or other association of individuals; and (b) “director” in relation to a firm, means a partner in the firm.

(1) No Court shall take cognizance of an offence under this Act except on a complaint made by,- (a) the Appropriate Authority concerned, or any officer authorised in this behalf by the Government or, as the case may be, the Appropriate Authority; or (b) a person who has given notice of not less than thirty days, in such manner as may be prescribed, to the Appropriate Authority concerned, of the alleged offence and of his intention to make a complaint to the court. (2) No court other than of a Metropolitan Magistrate or a Judicial Magistrate of the First Class shall try any offence punishable under this Act. (3) Where a complaint has been made under clause (b) of sub-section (1), the court may, on demand by such person, direct the Appropriate Authority to make available copies of the relevant records in its possession to such person.

(1) No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall lie against any person for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done in pursuance of the provisions of this Act. (2) No suit or other legal proceedings shall lie against the Government for any damage caused or likely to be caused for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done in pursuance of the provisions of this Act.

(1) The Government may, by notification, make rules for carrying out all or any of the purposes of this Act. (2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may provide for all or any of the following matters, namely:- (a) the manner in which and the conditions subject to which any donor may authorise removal, before his death of any, human organ of his body under sub-section (1) of section 3; (b) the form and the manner in which a brain-stem death is to be certified and the conditions and requirements which are to be satisfied for that purpose under sub-section (6) of section 3; (c) the form and the manner in which any of the parents may give authority, in the case of brain-steam death of a minor, or the removal of any human organ under subsection (7) of section 3; (d) the form in which authority for the removal of any human organ from an unclaimed dead body may be given by the person incharge of the management or control of the hospital or prison, under sub-section (1) of section 5; (e) the steps to be taken for the preservation of the human organ removed from the body of any person, under section 7; (f) the form and the manner in which an application may be jointly made by the donor and the recipient under sub-section (5) of section 9; (g) the manner in which all possible effects, complications and hazards connected with the removal and transplantation is to be explained by the registered medical practitioner to the donor and the recipient under section 12; (h) the standards as are to be enforced by the Appropriate Authority for hospitals engaged in the removal, storage or transplantation of any human organ under clause (iii) of sub-section (2) of section 13; (i) the other measures as the Appropriate Authority shall undertake in performing its functions under clause (vi) of sub-section (2) of section 13; (j) the form and the manner in which an application for registration shall be made and the fees shall be accompanied, under sub-section (2) of section 14; (k) the specialised services and the facilities to be provided, skilled manpower and the equipments to be possessed and the standards to be maintained by a hospital for registration under sub-section (3) of section 14; (l) the form in which, the period for which and the conditions subject to which certificates of registration is to be granted to a hospital, under sub-section (1) of section 15; (m) the manner in which and the fees on payment of which certificate of registration is to be renewed under sub-section (3) of section 15; (n) the manner in which an appeal may be preferred under section 17; (o) the manner in which a person is required to give notice to the Appropriate Authority of the alleged offence and of his intention to make a complaint to the court, under clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 22; (p) to provide for a registry to document all the organ transplants to evaluate the performance of each transplants centre and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto; and (q) any other matter which is required to be, or may be prescribed. (3) Every rule made under this Act shall immediately after it is made, be laid before the Legislative Assembly of the State, if it is in session and if it is not in session, in the session immediately following for a total period of fourteen days which may be comprised in one session or in two successive sessions and if, before the expiration of the session in which it is so laid or the session immediately following, the Legislative Assembly agrees in making any modification in the rule or in the annulment of the rule, the rule shall, from the date on which the modification or annulment is notified, have effect only in such modified form or shall stand and annulled as the case may be, so however, that any such modification, annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that rule.

The Andhra Pradesh Corneal Grafting Act, 1963 and the Andhra Pradesh Transplantation of Human Organs Ordnance 1995 are hereby repealed.