Chapter IV CHAPTER IV

1. (1) Save as otherwise provided by this Chapter, there shall be record-of-rights for each estate.
2. (2) The record-of-rights for an estate shall include the following documents, namely:—
   • (a) statements showing, so far as may be practicable:—
     • (i) the persons who are landowners, tenants or assignees of land-revenue in the estate, or who are entitled to receive any of the rents, profits or produce of the estate or to occupy land therein;
     • (ii) the nature and extent of the interests of those persons, and the conditions and liabilities attaching thereto; and
     • (iii) the rent, land-revenue, rates, cesses or other payments due from and to each of those persons and to the Government ;
   • (b) a statement of customs respecting rights and liabilities in the estate;
   • (c) a map of the estate; and
   • (d) such other documents as the Financial Commissioner may, with the pervious sanction of the Local Government, prescribe.

1. (1) When it appears to the Local Government that a record-of-rights for an estate does not exist, or that the existing record-of-rights for an estate requires special revision, the Local Government may by notification direct that a record-of-rights be made or that the record-of-rights be specially revised, as the case may be.
2. (2) The notification may direct that records-of-rights shall be made or specially revised for all or any estates in any local area.
3. (3) A record-of-rights made or specially revised for an estate under this section shall be deemed to be the record-of-rights for the estate, but shall not affect any presumption in favour of the Government which has already arisen from any previous record-of-rights.

1. (1) The Collector shall cause to be prepared by the patwari of each estate yearly, or at such other intervals as the Financial Commissioner may prescribe, an edition of the record-of-rights amended in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter.
2. (2) This edition of the record-of-rights shall be called the annual record for the estate, and shall comprise the statements mentioned in sub-section (2), clause (a), of section 31 and such other documents, if any, as the Financial Commissioner may, with the previous sanction of the Local Government, prescribe.
3. (3) For the purposes of the preparation of the annual record, the Collector shall cause to be kept up by the patwari of each estate a register of mutations and such other registers as the Financial Commissioner may prescribe.

1. (1) Any person acquiring, by inheritance, purchase, mortgage, gift or otherwise, any right in an estate as a landowner, assignee of land-revenue or tenant having a right of occupancy, shall report his acquisition of the right to the patwari of the estate.
2. (2) If the person acquiring the right is a minor or otherwise disqualified, his guardian or other person having charge of his property shall make the report to the patwari.
3. (3) The patwari shall enter in his register of mutations every report made to him under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), and shall also make an entry therein respecting the acquisition of any such right as aforesaid which he has reason to believe to have taken place, and of which a report should have been made to him under one or other of those sub-sections and has not been so made.
4. (4) A Revenue-officer shall from time to time inquire into the correctness of all entries in the register of mutations and into all such acquisitions as aforesaid coming to his knowledge of which, under the foregoing sub-sections, report should have been made to the patwari and entry made in that register, and shall in each case make such order as he thinks fit with respect to the entry in the annual record of the right acquired.
5. (5) Such an entry shall be made by the insertion in that record of a description of the right acquired and by the omission from that record of any entry in any record previously prepared which by reason of the acquisition has ceased to be correct.

The acquisition of any interest in land other than a right refered to in sub-section (1) of the last foregoing section shall,—

1. (a) if it is undisputed, be recorded by the patwari in such manner as the Financial Commissioner may by rules, in this behalf prescribe; and,
2. (b) if it is disputed, be entered by the patwari in the register of mutations and dealt with in the manner prescribed in sub-sections (4) and (5) of the last foregoing section.

1. (1) If during the making, revision or preparation of any record or in the course of any inquiry under this Chapter a dispute arises as to any matter of which an entry is to be made in a record or in a register of mutations, a Revenue-officer may of his own motion, or on the application of any party interested, but subject to the provisions of the next following section, and after such inquiry as he thinks fit, determine the entry to be made as to that matter.
2. (2) If any such dispute the Revenue-officer is unable to satisfy himself as to which of the parties thereto is in possession of any property to which the dispute relates, he shall ascertain by summary inquiry who is the person best entitled to the property, and shall by order direct that that person be put in possession thereof, and that an entry in accordance with that order be made in the record or register.
3. (3) A direction of a Revenue-officer under sub-section (2) shall be subject to any decree or order which may be subsequently passed by any Court of competent jurisdiction.

Entries in records-of-rights or in annual records, except entries made in annual records by Patwaris under clause (a) of section 35 with respect to undisputed acquisitions of interest referred to in that section, shall not be varied in subsequent records otherwise than by—

1. (a) making entries in accordance with facts proved or admitted to have occurred;
2. (b) making such entries as are agreed to by all the parties interested therein or are supported by a decree or order binding on those parties;
3. (c) making new maps where it is necessary to make them

1. (1) The Local Government may fix a scale of fees for all or any classes of entries in any record or register under this Chapter and for copies of any such entries.
2. (2) A fee in respect of any entry shall be payable by the person in whose favour the entry is made

Any person neglecting to make the report required by section 34 within three months from the date of his acquisition of a right referred to in that section shall be liable, at the discretion of the Collector, to a fine not exceeding five times the amount of the fee which would have been payable according to the scale fixed under the last foregoing section if the acquisition of the right had been reported immediately after its accrual.

Any person whose rights, interests or liabilities are required to be entered in any record under this Chapter shall be bound to furnish, on the requisition of any Revenue-officer or village-officer engaged in compiling the record, all information necessary for the correct compilation thereof

All mines of metal and coal, and all earth-oil and gold washing shall be deemed to be the property of the Government for the purposes of the State and the State Government shall have all powers necessary for the proper enjoyment of the Government’s right thereto.

1. (1) When in any record-ofrights completed before the eighteenth day of November, 1871, it is not expressly provided that any forest, quarry, unclaimed, unoccupied, deserted or wasteland, spontaneous produce or other accessory interest in land belongs to the landowners, it shall be presumed to belong to the Government.
2. (2) When in any record-of-rights completed after the date it is not expressly provided that any forest or quarry or any such land or interest belongs to the Government, it shall be presumed to belong to the landowners.
3. (3) The presumption created by sub-section (1) may be rebutted by showing—
   • (a) from the records or report made by the assessing officer at the time of assessment, or
   • (b) if the record or report is silent, then from a comparison between the assessment of villages in which there existed, and the assessment of villages of similar character in which there did not exist, any forest or quarry, or any such land or interest, that the forest, quarry, land or interest was taken into account in the assessment of the land-revenue.
4. (4) Until the presumption is so rebutted, the forest, quarry, land or interest shall be held to belong to the Government.

1. (1) Whenever, in the exercise of any right of the Government referred to in either of the two last foregoing sections, the rights of any person are infringed by the occupation or disturbance of the surface of any land, the Government shall pay, or cause to be paid, to that person compensation for the infringement.
2. (2) The compensation shall be determined as nearly as may be in accordance with the provisions of the Land Acquisition Act, 1870 (X of 1870).

An entry made in a record-of-rights in accordance with the law for the time being in force, or in an annual record in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter and the rules thereunder, shall be presumed to be true until the contrary is proved or a new entry is lawfully substituted therefor

If any person considers himself aggrieved as to any right of which he is in the possession by an entry in a record-of-rights or in an annual record, he may institute a suit for a declaration of his right under Chapter VI of the Specific Relief Act, 1877 (I of 1877)

The Financial Commissioner may make rules.—

1. (a) prescribing the language in which records and registers under this Chapter are to be made;
2. (b) prescribing the form of those records and registers, and the manner in which they are to be prepared, signed and attested;
3. (c) for the survey of land so far as may be necessary for the preparation and correction of those records and registers;
4. (d) for the conduct of inquiries by Revenue-officers under this Chapter; and
5. (e) generally for the guidance of Revenue-officers and village-officers in matters pertaining to records and registers mentioned or referred to in this Chapter.

1. (1) The Financial Commissioner may direct that a record-of-rights be made for any group of neighboring estates instead of separately for each of the estates.
2. (2) The provisions of this Chapter with respect to a record-of-rights and annual record for and estate shall then, so far as they can be made applicable, apply to a record-of-rights and annual record for a group of estates.