Chapter VII SPECIAL OBLIGATIONS OF LANDLORDS AND TENANTS

Landlord’s duty to keep the premises in good repair.-

1. (1) Subject to any contract in writing to the contrary every landlord shall be bound to keep the premises in good and tenantable repairs in relation to matters falling under Part A of Schedule V. Explanation.- Good and tenantable repairs under this section and under section 49 shall mean such repairs as shall keep the premises in the same condition in which it was let out, except for the normal wear and tear.
2. (2) Where any repairs in relation to a matter falling under Part A of Schedule V without which the premises are not habitable or useable except with undue inconvenience are to be made and the landlord neglects or fails to make them within a period of three months after notice in writing, the tenant may apply to the Controller for permission to make such repairs himself and may submit to the Controller an estimate of the cost of such repairs, and, the Controller, may, after giving the landlord an opportunity of being heard and after considering such estimate of the cost and making such inquiries as he may consider necessary, by an order in writing, permit the tenant to make repairs at such cost as may be specified in the order and it shall thereafter be lawful for the tenant to make such repairs himself and to deduct the cost thereof, from the rent or otherwise recover it from the landlord: Provided that the amount so deducted or recoverable from rent in any year shall not exceed one-half of the rent payable by the tenant for that year and any amount remaining not recovered in that year shall be deducted or recovered from the rent in the subsequent years at the rate of not more than twenty-five percent of the rent for a month: Provided further that where there are more than one premises owned by a landlord in a building, the tenants thereof may jointly carry out the repairs and share the expenses proportionately.
3. (3) Nothing in sub-section
4. (2) shall apply to premises,-
   • (a) which at the time of letting out was not habitable or useable except with undue inconvenience and the tenant had agreed to take the same in that condition;
   • (b) which was after being let out, caused to be not habitable or useable except with undue inconvenience, by the tenant.

Duties of tenant.-

1. (1) Every tenant shall be bound to keep the premises in good and tenantable repairs in relation to matters falling under Part B of Schedule V.
2. (2) Where any repairs, in relation to a matter falling under Part B of Schedule V, without which the premises are not habitable or useable except with undue inconvenience are to be made and the tenant neglects or fails to make them within a period of two months after notice in writing, the landlord may apply to the Controller for permission to make such repairs himself and may submit to the Controller an estimate of the cost of such repairs, and, thereupon the Controller may, after giving the tenant an opportunity of being heard and after considering such estimate of the cost and making such enquiries as he may consider necessary, by an order in writing, permit the landlord to make such repairs at such cost as may be specified in the order, and it shall thereafter be lawful for the landlord to make such repairs himself and to recover the cost of such repairs, which shall in no case exceed the amount so specified, from the tenant.
3. (3) The landlord or a person authorised by him shall have the right to enter and inspect the premises after notice to the tenant in the manner prescribed.
4. (4) The tenant shall make good all damages caused to the premises by his negligence within three months of being informed in writing to do so by the landlord falling which the landlord may apply to the Controller for permission to make good the said damages and the Controller shall decide the matter in the manner provided in sub-section (2).
5. (5) The tenant shall hand over possession of the premises on determination of tenancy in the same condition, except for the normal wear and tear, as it was in when it was handed over to him at the beginning of such tenancy and in a case where certain damages have been caused, not being damages caused by force major, the tenant shall make good the damages caused to the premises failing which landlord may apply to the Controller for permission to make good the said damages and the Controller shall decide the matter in the manner provided in sub-section (2).
6. (6) The tenant shall not, whether during the subsistence of tenancy or thereafter, demolish any improvement or alteration carried out by him in the premises or remove any material used in such improvement or alteration, other than any fixture of a removable nature, without the permission of the landlord failing which such demolition or alteration shall be deemed to be a damage caused by such tenant under sub-section
7. (4) and shall be dealt with accordingly.

Cutting off or withholding essential supply or service.-

1. (1) No landlord either himself or through any person purporting to act on his behalf shall without just and sufficient cause cut off or withhold any essential supply or service enjoyed by the tenant in respect of the premises let to him.
2. (2) If a landlord contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1), the tenant may make an application to the Controller complaining of such contravention.
3. (3) If the Controller is satisfied that the essential supply or service was cut off or withheld by the landlord with a view to compel the tenant to vacate the premises or to pay an enhanced rent, the Controller may pass an order directing the landlord to restore the amenities immediately, pending enquiry referred to in sub-section (4). Explanation.- An interim Order may be passed under this sub-section without giving notice to the landlord.
4. (4) If the Controller on inquiry finds that the essential supply or service enjoyed by the tenant in respect of the premises was cut off or withheld by the landlord without just and sufficient cause, he shall make an order directing the landlord to restore such supply or service.
5. (5) The Controller may in his discretion direct that compensation not exceeding fifty rupees,-
   • (a) be paid to the landlord by the tenant, if the application under sub-section
6. (2) was made frivolously or vexatiously;
   • (b) be paid to the tenant by the landlord, if the landlord had cut off or withheld the supply or service without just and sufficient cause. Explanation I.- In this section, "essential supply or service" includes supply of water, electricity, lights in passage and on staircases, conservancy and sanitary services Explanation II.- For the purposes of this section, withholding any essential supply or service shall include acts or omissions attributable to the landlord on account of which the essential supply or service is cut off by the local authority or any other competent authority.