Chapter IX MISCELLANEOUS

1. (1) Without prejudice to the foregoing provisions of this Act, the Board shall, in exercise of its powers or the performance of its duties under this Act, be bound by such directions on questions of policy as the Central Government may give in writing to it from time to time: Provided that the Board shall, as far as practicable, be given an opportunity to express its views before any direction is given under this sub-section.
2. (2) The decision of the Central Government whether a question is one of policy or not shall be final.

1. (1) If the Central Government on the complaint of a registered organisation or otherwise has reason to believe that the Board is unable to perform or has persistently made default in the performance of the duties imposed on it, the Central Government may issue notice to the Board asking why it should not be superseded; Provided that no order superseding the Board shall be made by the Central Government, unless a notice affording reasonable opportunity to the Board has been given in writing that why it should not be superseded.
2. (2) The Central Government after recording reasons in writing and by issuing a notification in the Official Gazette supersede the Board for a period of not more than six months; Provided that on the expiration of the period of supersession, the Central Government may reconstitute the Board, in accordance with section 3.
3. (3) Upon the publication of the notification under sub-section (2), (a} all the members of the Board shall, notwithstanding that their term of office had not expired as on the date of supersession, vacate their office as such members;

(b} all the powers and duties which may, by or under the provision of this Act, be exercised or performed by or on behalf of the Trust shall, during the period of supersession, be exercised and performed by such person or persons as the Central Government may direct. (4} On the expiration of the period of supersession specified in the notification issued under sub- section (2}, the Central Government may- (a} extend the period of supersession for such further period as it may consider necessary so that the total period of supersession does not exceed more than six months; or

(b} reconstitute the Board in the manner provided in section 3 (43 of 1961 }.

Income-tax Act, 1961, or any other law for the time being in force relating to tax on income, profits or gains, the Trust shall not be liable to pay income-tax or any other tax in respect of its income, profits or gains derived.

proceeding shall lie against the Central Government or the Trust or any member of the Board or Chief Executive Officer or any officer or other employee of the Trust or any other person authorised by the Board to perform duties under this Act for any loss or damage caused or likely to be caused by anything which is done in good faith (15 of 1860}.

Chairperson, Members and Officers of Trust to be public servants -All Members, Chief Executive Officer, other officers and employees of the Trust shall be deemed, when acting or purposing to act in pursuance of any of the provisions of this Act, to be public servant within the meaning of section 21 of the Indian Penal

Delegation -The Board may, by general or special order in writing, delegate to the Chairperson or any member or any officer of the Trust or any other person subject to such conditions and limitations, if any, as may be specified in the order such of its powers under this Act ( except the power to make regulations under section 35} as it may deem necessary.

(1} The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for carrying out the provisions of this Act.

(2} In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing powers, such rules may provide for all of the following matters, namely:-

1. (a) the procedure in accordance with which the persons representing registered organisations shall be elected under clause (b) of sub -section (4) of section 3;
2. (b) the conditions of service of the Chairperson and Members under sub-section

1. (2) of section (4);
   • (c) the rules of procedure in the transaction of business at meetings of the Board under sub- section (6) of section 4;
   • (d) the powers and duties of the Chief Executive Officer under sub-section (1) of section 8;
   • (e) the form in which an application for guardianship may be made by a registered organisation under sub-section (2) of section 14;
   • (f) the procedure in accordance with which a guardian may be removed under section 17;
   • (g) the form in which, and the time within which, the budget of the Trust shall be forwarded to the Central Government under section 23;
   • (h) the form in which the annual statement of accounts shall be maintained under sub-section (1) of section 24,
     • (i) the form in which, and the time within which, the annual reports shall be prepared and forwarded under section 25;
   • (j) any other matter which is required to be, or may be, prescribed.

1. (1) The Board may, with the previous approval of the Central Government, by notification in the Official Gazette, make regulations consistent with this Act and rules generally to carry out the , purposes of this Act.
2. (2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such regulations may provide for all or any of the following matters, namely:-
   • (a) the manner and purpose for which person may be associated under sub- section (5) of section 3;
   • (b) the time and place at which the Board shall meet under sub-section (6) of section 4;
   • (c) the terms and conditions of service of, Chief Executive Officer, other officers and employees of the Trust under sub-section (3) of section 8;
   • (d) the form and manner in which the application shall be made for registration under sub- section, (2) of section 12 and the particulars which such application shall contain under that sub-section; 19"'
   • (e) the manner in which application for guardianship shall be received, processed and decided by local level committee under sub-section (4) of section 14;
   • (f) the particulars of applications and orders passed thereon by the local level committee under subsection (5) of section 14;
   • (g) the procedure for evaluating the pre-funding status of the registered organisations and framing of guidelines for monitoring and evaluating the activities of such registered organisations under section 19;
   • (h) the time within which notice for annual general meeting shall be sent and quorum for such meeting under sub-sections (2) and (3) of section 20; and
     • (i) any other matter which is required to be, or may be, provided by regulations.

regulation made under this Act shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before each House of Parliament, while it is in session, for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one session or in two or more successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session immediately following the session or the successive sessions aforesaid, both Houses agree in making any modification in the rule or regulation or both houses agree that the rule or regulation should not be made, the rule or regulation shall thereafter have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be; so, however, that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that rule or regulation.

dkuwu] U;k; vkSj daiuh ekeyksa ds ea=ky; ¼fo/kk;h foHkkx½ ubZ fnYyh] 30 fnlEcj( 1999@iks"k 9] 1921 ¼'kd~½ laln ds fuEufyf[kr vf/kfu;e ds fy, jk"Vªifr dh lgefr 30 fnlEcj] 1999 dks izkIr gqbZ vkSj lkekU; lwpuk ds fy, mls ,rn~ }kjk izdkf”kr fd;k tkrk gSA Loijk;.krk (vkfVTe)] izefLr"d ?kkr] ekufld eUnrk vkSj cgq&fodykaxrkxzLr O;fDr;ksa ds dY;k.k ds fy, jk"Vªh; U;kl vf/kfu;e] 1999 1994 dk la- 4 ¼30 fnlEcj 1999½ ,d vf/kfu;e tks Loijk;.krk] izefLr"d ?kkr] ekufld eUnrk vkSj cgq&fu%'kDrrkxzLr O;fDr;ksa ds dY;k.k vkSj mlls lacaf/kr ekeyksa ;k mlds vkuq'kafxd tqM+s ekeyksa ds fy, jk"Vªh; Lrj ij ,d fudk; ds xBu dh O;oLFkk djrk gS &bl izdkj laln }kjk x.krU= ds ipklosa o"kZ esa fuEukuqlkj vf/kfu;e fd;k x;k& vè;k; 1 izkjafHkd laf{kIr 'kh"kZd vkSj foLrkj 1-¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e dks Loijk;.krk] izefLr"d ?kkr] ekufld eUnrk vkSj cgq&fu%”kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa ds dY;k.k ds fy, jk"Vªh; U;kl vf/kfu;e] 1999 dgk tk ldrk gSA ¼2½ tEew vkSj d”ehj jkT; dks NksM+ bldk foLrkj leLr Hkkjr ds fy, gSA 2-bl vf/kfu;e esa] tcrd lanHkZ }kjk vU;Fkk visf{kr ugah&ifjHkk"kk ¼d½^^Loijk;.krk** ¼vkWfVTe½ dk vFkZ gS vleku fuiq.krk dh fLFkfr tks euq"; dh lapkj&O;ogkj vkSj lkekftd ;ksX;rkvksa dks izHkkfor djrh gS vkSj ckjackjrk ewyd vkSj fof/koknh O;ogkj ls fpfUgr gksrh gSA ¼[k½^^cksMZ** dk vFkZ U;kfl;ksa dk cksMZ gS ftls /kkjk 3 ds vUrxZr xfBr fd;k x;k gS ¼x½^^izefLr"d ?kkr** ¼lsjsczy ikYlh½ dk rkRi;Z ,d O;fDr dh xSj&izxfr”khy fLFkfr;ksa ds lewg ls gS tks vlkekU; efLr"d vuknj ;k pksVksa ds QyLo:Ik vlkekU; eksVj fu;fU=r vkSj fLFkfr }kjk fo'ks"khd`r gksrh gS tks izloiwoZ] izlodkyhu ;k fodkl ds “kS”ko dky esa ?kfVr gksrh gS( vè;k;&2 Loijk;.krk] izefLr"d ?kkr] ekufld eUnrk vkSj cgq&fu%'kDrrkvksa okys O;fDr;ksa ds dY;k.k ds fy, jk"Vªh; U;kl 3-Loijk;.krk] izefLr"d ?kkr] ekufld eUnrk vkSj cgq& fu%'kDrrkvksa vkfn ls xzLr O;fDr;ksa ds dY;k.k ds fy, jk"Vªh; U;kl dk xBu & ¼1½,slh rkjh[k ls tSlk dsUæ ljdkj] vf/klwpuk }kjk fu/kkZfjr dh tk,xh] bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuksa ds fy, Loijk;.krk] izefLr"d ?kkr] ekufld eUnrk vkSj cgq&fu%'kDrrkvksa okys O;fDr;ksa ds dY;k.k ds fy, jk"Vªh; U;kl uke ds ,d fudk; dk xBu fd;k tk,xk tks ,d dkWiksZjsV fudk; mijksDr uke ls gksxk] mldk 'kk'or mÙkjkf/kdkj gksxk vkSj ,d lk{kh lhy] 'kfDr ds lkFk gksxh] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq, lEifÙk py vkSj vpy nksuksa dk vtZu] /kkj.k vkSj fuiVku fd;k tk,xk] vuqca/k dj ldsxk vkSj mDr uke ls eqdnek pyk ldsxk ;k mDr uke ij eqdnek pyk;k tk ldsxkA ¼2½U;kl ds ekeyksa vkSj dkedkt dk lkekU; v/kh{k.k] funsZ'kksa vkSj izcU/ku ,d cksMZ esa fufgr gksxk tks lc 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx djsxk vkSj lc dk;Z vkSj phtsa djsxk ftls U;kl }kjk fd;k tk;s@;k iz;ksx fd;k tk;sA ¼3½U;kl dk eq[;ky; ubZ fnYyh eas gksxk vkSj dsUæ ljdkj dh iwokZuqefr ds ckn cksMZ Hkkjr esa vU; LFkkuksa ij Hkh dk;kZy; LFkkfir dj ldsxkA ¼4½cksMZ fuEufyf[kr ls fey dj cusxk& ¼d½,d v/;{k ftls dsUæ ljdkj }kjk mu yksxks esa ls fu;qDr fd;k tk,xk ftUgs Loijk;.krk] izefLr"d ?kkr] ekufld eUnrk vkSj cgq&fu%'kDrrkvksa ds {ks= esa fo"ks'kKrk vkSj vuqHko izkIr gS( ¼[k½ukS O;fDr;ksa dks ,slh izfØ;k ds vuqlkj@lnL; fu;qDr fd;k tk,xk tSlh iathd`r laxBuksa ds chp esa ls fu/kkZfjr dh tk, ftlesa LoSfPNd laxBuksa] Loijk;.krk] izefLr"d ?kkr] ekufld eUnrk vkSj cgq& fu%'kDrrkvksa okys O;fDr;ksa ds ekrk firkvksa ds laxBuksa vkSj fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa ds la?k] lnL;&izR;ssd esa ls rhu rhu lnL; gksaxsA ijUrq bl /kkjk ds vUrxZr vkjafHkd fu;qfDr ljdkj }kjk ukekadu ls dh tk,xh( ¼x½ljdkj }kjk vkB O;fDr;ksa dks ukfer fd;k tk,xk tks Hkkjr ljdkj ds fofHkUu foHkkxksa ds la;qDr lfpo ls de in ds ugha gksxsa vkSj os ea=ky;kas ij lkekftd U;k; vkSj vf/kdkfjrk foHkkxksa] efgyk vkSj f'k'kq fodkl] LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k] foÙk] Je] f'k{kk] 'kgjh ekeyksa vkSj fu;kstu vkSj xzkeh.k fu;kstu vkSj xjhch mUewyu] lnL; onu dk izfrfuf/kRo djsxsaA ¼?k½rhu O;fDr;ksa dk ukekadu lnL;ksa ds :i esa cksMZ }kjk fd;k tk,xk tks mRFkku ds dk;Zdykiksa esa ¼?k½^^v/;{k** dk vFkZ gS cksMZ dk v/;{k ftls /kkjk&3 dh mi/kkjk ¼4½ mi[kaM ¼4½ ds [k.M ¼d½ ds vUrxZr fu;qDr fd;k x;k gSA ¼M-½^^eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh** dk vFkZ eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh gS ftls /kkjk 8 dh mi/kkjk&¼1½ ds vUrxZr fu;qDr fd;k x;k gSA ¼p½^^lnL;** dk vFkZ gS cksMZ dk ,d lnL; gS vkSj blesa v/;{k Hkh “kkfey gSA ¼N½^^ekufld eUnrk** ¼esUVy fjVkMZ½ dk vFkZ gS O;fDr ds fpÙk ds vo:) ;k viw.kZ fodkl dh fLFkfr tks cqf) dh vilkekU; fLFkfr }kjk fo”ks"khd`r gksrh gSA ¼t½^^cgq&fu%”kDrrkvksa** ¼eYVhiy fMlsfCyVh½ dk vFkZ gS nks ;k vf/kd fu%”kDrrvksa dk la;kstu gS tSlk v”kDrrkvksa okyk O;fDr ¼leku volj] vf/kdkjksa dh lqj{kk vkSj iw.kZ Hkkxhnkjh½ vf/kfu;e] 1995 ¼1996 d 1½ dh /kkjk 8 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa ifjHkkf'kr fd;k x;k gSA ¼>½^^vf/klwpuk** dk vFkZ gS ,d vf/klwpuk tks ljdkjh xtV esa çdkf'kr gksrk gS ¼V½^^fu%”kDrrk okyk O;fDr** dk vFkZ ,slk O;fDr gS tks Loijk;.krk] izefLr"d ?kkr] ekufld eanrk vFkok fdlh fLFkfr@;k ,slh nks ;k nks ls vf/kd fu%”kDrrk ls xzLr gS vkSj blesa xEHkhj cgq&fu%”kDrrk okyk O;fDr Hkh “kkfey gksrk gS( ¼B½^^fu/kkZfjr** dk vFkZ gS bl vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr cuk;s fu;eksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr( ¼M+½^^o`fÙkd** dk vFkZ ,sls O;fDr ls gaS tks {ks= esa fo”ks"k n{krk j[krk gS tks fu%”kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa ds dY;k.k dks c<+kok nsxkA ¼<½^^iathd`r laxBu** dk vFkZ fu%”kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa ds ,d la?k ;k fu%”kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa ds ekrk firkvksa ds ,d la?k ;k LoSfPNd laxBu ls gS] tks /kkjk 12 ds varxZr iathd`r gS] tSlh Hkh fLFkfr gks( ¼.k½^^fofu;eksa** dk vFkZ fofu;ekas ls gS ftUgsa bl vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr cksMZ }kjk cuk;k x;k gS( ¼r½^^xaHkhj fu%”kDrrk** dk vFkZ ,slh fu%”kDrrk gS tks ,d ;k vf/kd cgq&fu%”kDrrkvksa dk 80 izfr”kr ;k vf/kd Hkkx j[krh gSA ¼Fk½^^U;kl** dk vFkZ Loijk;.krk] izefLr"d ?kkr] ekufld eUnrk vkSj cgq&fu%”kDrrkxzLr O;fDr;ksa ds dY;k.k ds fy, /kkjk 3 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds varxZr xfBr jk"Vªh; U;kl ls gSaA vè;k;&2 Loijk;.krk] izefLr"d ?kkr] ekufld eUnrk vkSj cgq&fu%'kDrrkvksa okys O;fDr;ksa ds dY;k.k ds fy, jk"Vªh; U;kl 3-Loijk;.krk] izefLr"d ?kkr] ekufld eUnrk vkSj cgq& fu%'kDrrkvksa vkfn ls xzLr O;fDr;ksa ds dY;k.k ds fy, jk"Vªh; U;kl dk xBu & ¼1½,slh rkjh[k ls tSlk dsUæ ljdkj] vf/klwpuk }kjk fu/kkZfjr dh tk,xh] bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuksa ds fy, Loijk;.krk] izefLr"d ?kkr] ekufld eUnrk vkSj cgq&fu%'kDrrkvksa okys O;fDr;ksa ds dY;k.k ds fy, jk"Vªh; U;kl uke ds ,d fudk; dk xBu fd;k tk,xk tks ,d dkWiksZjsV fudk; mijksDr uke ls gksxk] mldk 'kk'or mÙkjkf/kdkj gksxk vkSj ,d lk{kh lhy] 'kfDr ds lkFk gksxh] tks bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq, lEifÙk py vkSj vpy nksuksa dk vtZu] /kkj.k vkSj fuiVku fd;k tk,xk] vuqca/k dj ldsxk vkSj mDr uke ls eqdnek pyk ldsxk ;k mDr uke ij eqdnek pyk;k tk ldsxkA ¼2½U;kl ds ekeyksa vkSj dkedkt dk lkekU; v/kh{k.k] funsZ'kksa vkSj izcU/ku ,d cksMZ esa fufgr gksxk tks lc 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx djsxk vkSj lc dk;Z vkSj phtsa djsxk ftls U;kl }kjk fd;k tk;s@;k iz;ksx fd;k tk;sA ¼3½U;kl dk eq[;ky; ubZ fnYyh eas gksxk vkSj dsUæ ljdkj dh iwokZuqefr ds ckn cksMZ Hkkjr esa vU; LFkkuksa ij Hkh dk;kZy; LFkkfir dj ldsxkA ¼4½cksMZ fuEufyf[kr ls fey dj cusxk& ¼d½,d v/;{k ftls dsUæ ljdkj }kjk mu yksxks esa ls fu;qDr fd;k tk,xk ftUgs Loijk;.krk] izefLr"d ?kkr] ekufld eUnrk vkSj cgq&fu%'kDrrkvksa ds {ks= esa fo"ks'kKrk vkSj vuqHko izkIr gS( ¼[k½ukS O;fDr;ksa dks ,slh izfØ;k ds vuqlkj@lnL; fu;qDr fd;k tk,xk tSlh iathd`r laxBuksa ds chp esa ls fu/kkZfjr dh tk, ftlesa LoSfPNd laxBuksa] Loijk;.krk] izefLr"d ?kkr] ekufld eUnrk vkSj cgq& fu%'kDrrkvksa okys O;fDr;ksa ds ekrk firkvksa ds laxBuksa vkSj fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa ds la?k] lnL;&izR;ssd esa ls rhu rhu lnL; gksaxsA ijUrq bl /kkjk ds vUrxZr vkjafHkd fu;qfDr ljdkj }kjk ukekadu ls dh tk,xh( ¼x½ljdkj }kjk vkB O;fDr;ksa dks ukfer fd;k tk,xk tks Hkkjr ljdkj ds fofHkUu foHkkxksa ds la;qDr lfpo ls de in ds ugha gksxsa vkSj os ea=ky;kas ij lkekftd U;k; vkSj vf/kdkfjrk foHkkxksa] efgyk vkSj f'k'kq fodkl] LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k] foÙk] Je] f'k{kk] 'kgjh ekeyksa vkSj fu;kstu vkSj xzkeh.k fu;kstu vkSj xjhch mUewyu] lnL; onu dk izfrfuf/kRo djsxsaA ¼?k½rhu O;fDr;ksa dk ukekadu lnL;ksa ds :i esa cksMZ }kjk fd;k tk,xk tks mRFkku ds dk;Zdykiksa esa ¼?k½^^v/;{k** dk vFkZ gS cksMZ dk v/;{k ftls /kkjk&3 dh mi/kkjk ¼4½ mi[kaM ¼4½ ds [k.M ¼d½ ds vUrxZr fu;qDr fd;k x;k gSA ¼M-½^^eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh** dk vFkZ eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh gS ftls /kkjk 8 dh mi/kkjk&¼1½ ds vUrxZr fu;qDr fd;k x;k gSA ¼p½^^lnL;** dk vFkZ gS cksMZ dk ,d lnL; gS vkSj blesa v/;{k Hkh “kkfey gSA ¼N½^^ekufld eUnrk** ¼esUVy fjVkMZ½ dk vFkZ gS O;fDr ds fpÙk ds vo:) ;k viw.kZ fodkl dh fLFkfr tks cqf) dh vilkekU; fLFkfr }kjk fo”ks"khd`r gksrh gSA ¼t½^^cgq&fu%”kDrrkvksa** ¼eYVhiy fMlsfCyVh½ dk vFkZ gS nks ;k vf/kd fu%”kDrrvksa dk la;kstu gS tSlk v”kDrrkvksa okyk O;fDr ¼leku volj] vf/kdkjksa dh lqj{kk vkSj iw.kZ Hkkxhnkjh½ vf/kfu;e] 1995 ¼1996 d 1½ dh /kkjk 8 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ esa ifjHkkf'kr fd;k x;k gSA ¼>½^^vf/klwpuk** dk vFkZ gS ,d vf/klwpuk tks ljdkjh xtV esa çdkf'kr gksrk gS ¼V½^^fu%”kDrrk okyk O;fDr** dk vFkZ ,slk O;fDr gS tks Loijk;.krk] izefLr"d ?kkr] ekufld eanrk vFkok fdlh fLFkfr@;k ,slh nks ;k nks ls vf/kd fu%”kDrrk ls xzLr gS vkSj blesa xEHkhj cgq&fu%”kDrrk okyk O;fDr Hkh “kkfey gksrk gS( ¼B½^^fu/kkZfjr** dk vFkZ gS bl vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr cuk;s fu;eksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr( ¼M+½^^o`fÙkd** dk vFkZ ,sls O;fDr ls gaS tks {ks= esa fo”ks"k n{krk j[krk gS tks fu%”kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa ds dY;k.k dks c<+kok nsxkA ¼<½^^iathd`r laxBu** dk vFkZ fu%”kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa ds ,d la?k ;k fu%”kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa ds ekrk firkvksa ds ,d la?k ;k LoSfPNd laxBu ls gS] tks /kkjk 12 ds varxZr iathd`r gS] tSlh Hkh fLFkfr gks( ¼.k½^^fofu;eksa** dk vFkZ fofu;ekas ls gS ftUgsa bl vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr cksMZ }kjk cuk;k x;k gS( ¼r½^^xaHkhj fu%”kDrrk** dk vFkZ ,slh fu%”kDrrk gS tks ,d ;k vf/kd cgq&fu%”kDrrkvksa dk 80 izfr”kr ;k vf/kd Hkkx j[krh gSA ¼Fk½^^U;kl** dk vFkZ Loijk;.krk] izefLr"d ?kkr] ekufld eUnrk vkSj cgq&fu%”kDrrkxzLr O;fDr;ksa ds dY;k.k ds fy, /kkjk 3 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds varxZr xfBr jk"Vªh; U;kl ls gSaA yxs O;kikj] okf.kT; vkSj m|ksx ds la?kksa dk izfrfuf/kRo djsaxsA ¼M½eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh tks Hkkjr ljdkj ds la;qDr lfpo ds in dk gksxk] insu lnL; lfpo gksxk( 5-cksMZ vius lkFk fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks bl rjhds ls vkSj ,sls iz;kstuksa ds fy, lEc) dj ldrk gS tSlk fofu;eksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr vkSj ftldh lgk;rk ;k lykg] U;kl ds mn~ns';ksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, visf{kr gS% ijarq ;g fd ,sls O;fDr dks mu iz;kstuksa ls lEc) fopkj&foe'kksaZ esa Hkkx ysus ds vf/kdkj gksxk ysfdu cksMZ dh cSBd ea mls oksV nsus dk vf/kdkj ugha gksxk vkSj fdlh vU; iz;kstu ds fy, og lnL; ugha gksxkA ijUrq bl izdkj lEc) fd, x, O;fDr;ksa dh vf/kdre la[;k vkB ls vf/kd ugha gksxh vkSj tgka rd laHko gksxk lEc) fd, x, ,sls O;fDr iathd`r laxBuksa ls ;k izksQs'kuy@is'ksoj@vuqHkoh es ls gkasxsA 4-v/;{k vkSj lnL;ksa] cksMZ dh cSBd vkfn dh dk;Zdky vof/k ¼1½v/;{k ;k lnL; fu;qfDr dh rkjh[k ls rhu o'kZ dh vof/k ds fy, ;k vius mÙkjkf/kdkjh ds fof/kor~ fu;qDr gks tkus rd tks Hkh yach gks] in ij cuk gksxk( ijUrq dksbZ Hkh O;fä 65 o"kZ dh vk;q çkIr dj ysus ds ckn v/;{k ;k vU; lnL; ds :i esa in /kkj.k ugha djsxk ¼2½v/;{k vkSj vU; lnL;ksa dh lsok dh "krsZa ,slh gksxh tSlh fu/kkZfjr dh tk;sxhA ¼3½cksMZ esa fdlh vkdfLed fjfDr dks /kkjk 3 ds micU/kksa ds vuqlkj Hkjk tk,xk vkSj fu;qDr O;fDr ckdh ml vof/k ds fy, gh in ij jgsxk ftl rd lnL; us in /kkj.k fd;k gksxk ftlds LFkku ij og fu;qDr gqvk gSA ¼4½v/;{k vkSj lnL; ds :Ik esa fdlh O;fDr dks fu;qDr djus ls igys] dsUæ ljdkj vius vkidks larq"V djsxh fd ml O;fDr dk u dksbZ foRrh; ;k vU; fgr gS vkSj u gh og j[ksxk ftlls ,sls lnL; ds dk;ksZa ij izfrdwy izHkko iM+rk gksA ¼5½in /kkj.k djus dh vof/k ds nkSjku cksMZ dk dksbZ lnL; U;kl dk ykHkkFkhZ ugha gksxkA ¼6½cksMZ dh cSBd rhu ekg esa de ls de ,d ckj ,sls le; vkSj LFkku ij gksxh tSlk cksMZ }kjk fofu;eksa ls fu/kkZfjrfd;k tk,xk vkSj cSBd esa dkjckj dk laO;ogkj djus esa izfØ;k ds ,sls fu;eksa dk ikyu djsxk tSlk fd fu/kkZfjr fd, x, gksaA ¼7½;fn fdlh dkj.k v/;{k cksMZ dh cSBd esa mifLFkr ugha gks ldrk rks muesa ls dksbZ Hkh lnL; cSBd dh v/;{krk djsxk ftls mifLFkr lnL;ksa us pqu fy;k gSA ¼8½cksMZ dh cSBd ds lkeus vkus okys lc iz'uksa ij mifLFkr vkSj oksV djus okys lnL;ksa ds cgqer }kjk fu.kZ; fy;k tk,xk vkSj oksVksa ds leku jgus dh fLFkfr esa v/;{k] ;k mldh vuqifLFkfr esa v/;{krk djus okys O;fDr ds ikl nwljk vkSj fu.kkZ;d oksV gksxkA 5-v/;{k ;k lnL;ksa dk R;kx i= 1-dsUæ ljdkj dks vius gkFk ls fy[k dj v/;{k vius in ls R;kxi= ns ldrk gS% ijUrq tc rd dsUæ ljdkj mlds mÙkjkf/kdkjh dh fu;qfDr ugha djrh] v/;{k vius in ij cuk jgsxkA 2-,d lnL; vius gkFk ls fy[kdj vkSj v/;{k dks lacksaf/kr djrs gq, R;kxi= ns ldrk gSA 6-fujgrkZ, & dksbZ O;fDr lnL; ugha gksxk ;fn og& ¼d½fof{kIr gS ;k fof{kIr gks x;k gS vkSj l{ke U;k;ky; us ,slk ?kksf"kr dj fn;k gS( ;k ¼[k½fdlh vijk/k ds fy, fl) nks'k gS ;k jgk gS ftleas dsUæ ljdkj dh jk; esa uSfrd iru 'kkfey gSA ¼x½fnokfy;k gS ;k fdlh U;k;ky; }kjk fu.khZr fnokfy;k gSA 7-lnL; }kjk dk;kZy; [kkyh djuk &;fn dksbZ lnL;& ¼d½/kkjk 6 esa of.kZr fujgrkZvksa esa ls fdlh ds v/;/khu gks tkrk gS] ;k ¼[k½xSjgkftjh dh NqV~Vh izkIr fd, fcuk cksMZ dh rhu cSBdksa ls yxkrkj xSj gkftj gksrk gS( ;k ¼x½/kkjk 5 ds varxZr viuk R;kxi= izLrqr djrk gS rks mlij mldk LFkku [kkyh gks tk,xkA 8-eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh vkSj U;kl ds deZpkjh ¼1½dsUæ ljdkj eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh dks fu;qDr djsxh rks cksMZ ds funsZ'kksa ds vUrxZr ,slh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx djsxk vkSj ,sls dRkZO;kas dk fuogZu djsxk tks fu/kkZfjr gSa ;k tSls v/;{k }kjk mls izR;k;ksftr fd, tk;saA ¼2½dsUæ ljdkj dh iwokZuqefr ds lkFk cksMZ ,sls vU; vf/kdkjh vkSj deZpkjh fu;qDr djsxk tks U;kl ds mn~ns';ksa dk ikyu djus ds fy, og t:jh le>sxk ¼3½eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh vkSj U;kl ds vU; vf/kdkjh;ksa vkSj deZpkfj;ksa dks ns; osru vkSj HkRrs ,sls gksaxs tks fofu;eksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr fd, tk;saxsA 9-cksMZ esa fjfDr;ksa ls d`R; fof/k vkfn vekU; ugha gks tk;sxsa & cksMZ ds fdlh d`R; ;k dk;Zokgh ij bl vk/kkj ij gh iz'u ugha mBk, tk;saxs fd cksMZ esa dksbZ in fLFkr gS ;k cksMZ ds xBu esa dksbZ =qfV gSA yxs O;kikj] okf.kT; vkSj m|ksx ds la?kksa dk izfrfuf/kRo djsaxsA ¼M½eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh tks Hkkjr ljdkj ds la;qDr lfpo ds in dk gksxk] insu lnL; lfpo gksxk( 5-cksMZ vius lkFk fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks bl rjhds ls vkSj ,sls iz;kstuksa ds fy, lEc) dj ldrk gS tSlk fofu;eksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr vkSj ftldh lgk;rk ;k lykg] U;kl ds mn~ns';ksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, visf{kr gS% ijarq ;g fd ,sls O;fDr dks mu iz;kstuksa ls lEc) fopkj&foe'kksaZ esa Hkkx ysus ds vf/kdkj gksxk ysfdu cksMZ dh cSBd ea mls oksV nsus dk vf/kdkj ugha gksxk vkSj fdlh vU; iz;kstu ds fy, og lnL; ugha gksxkA ijUrq bl izdkj lEc) fd, x, O;fDr;ksa dh vf/kdre la[;k vkB ls vf/kd ugha gksxh vkSj tgka rd laHko gksxk lEc) fd, x, ,sls O;fDr iathd`r laxBuksa ls ;k izksQs'kuy@is'ksoj@vuqHkoh es ls gkasxsA 4-v/;{k vkSj lnL;ksa] cksMZ dh cSBd vkfn dh dk;Zdky vof/k ¼1½v/;{k ;k lnL; fu;qfDr dh rkjh[k ls rhu o'kZ dh vof/k ds fy, ;k vius mÙkjkf/kdkjh ds fof/kor~ fu;qDr gks tkus rd tks Hkh yach gks] in ij cuk gksxk( ijUrq dksbZ Hkh O;fä 65 o"kZ dh vk;q çkIr dj ysus ds ckn v/;{k ;k vU; lnL; ds :i esa in /kkj.k ugha djsxk ¼2½v/;{k vkSj vU; lnL;ksa dh lsok dh "krsZa ,slh gksxh tSlh fu/kkZfjr dh tk;sxhA ¼3½cksMZ esa fdlh vkdfLed fjfDr dks /kkjk 3 ds micU/kksa ds vuqlkj Hkjk tk,xk vkSj fu;qDr O;fDr ckdh ml vof/k ds fy, gh in ij jgsxk ftl rd lnL; us in /kkj.k fd;k gksxk ftlds LFkku ij og fu;qDr gqvk gSA ¼4½v/;{k vkSj lnL; ds :Ik esa fdlh O;fDr dks fu;qDr djus ls igys] dsUæ ljdkj vius vkidks larq"V djsxh fd ml O;fDr dk u dksbZ foRrh; ;k vU; fgr gS vkSj u gh og j[ksxk ftlls ,sls lnL; ds dk;ksZa ij izfrdwy izHkko iM+rk gksA ¼5½in /kkj.k djus dh vof/k ds nkSjku cksMZ dk dksbZ lnL; U;kl dk ykHkkFkhZ ugha gksxkA ¼6½cksMZ dh cSBd rhu ekg esa de ls de ,d ckj ,sls le; vkSj LFkku ij gksxh tSlk cksMZ }kjk fofu;eksa ls fu/kkZfjrfd;k tk,xk vkSj cSBd esa dkjckj dk laO;ogkj djus esa izfØ;k ds ,sls fu;eksa dk ikyu djsxk tSlk fd fu/kkZfjr fd, x, gksaA ¼7½;fn fdlh dkj.k v/;{k cksMZ dh cSBd esa mifLFkr ugha gks ldrk rks muesa ls dksbZ Hkh lnL; cSBd dh v/;{krk djsxk ftls mifLFkr lnL;ksa us pqu fy;k gSA ¼8½cksMZ dh cSBd ds lkeus vkus okys lc iz'uksa ij mifLFkr vkSj oksV djus okys lnL;ksa ds cgqer }kjk fu.kZ; fy;k tk,xk vkSj oksVksa ds leku jgus dh fLFkfr esa v/;{k] ;k mldh vuqifLFkfr esa v/;{krk djus okys O;fDr ds ikl nwljk vkSj fu.kkZ;d oksV gksxkA 5-v/;{k ;k lnL;ksa dk R;kx i= 1-dsUæ ljdkj dks vius gkFk ls fy[k dj v/;{k vius in ls R;kxi= ns ldrk gS% ijUrq tc rd dsUæ ljdkj mlds mÙkjkf/kdkjh dh fu;qfDr ugha djrh] v/;{k vius in ij cuk jgsxkA 2-,d lnL; vius gkFk ls fy[kdj vkSj v/;{k dks lacksaf/kr djrs gq, R;kxi= ns ldrk gSA 6-fujgrkZ, & dksbZ O;fDr lnL; ugha gksxk ;fn og& ¼d½fof{kIr gS ;k fof{kIr gks x;k gS vkSj l{ke U;k;ky; us ,slk ?kksf"kr dj fn;k gS( ;k ¼[k½fdlh vijk/k ds fy, fl) nks'k gS ;k jgk gS ftleas dsUæ ljdkj dh jk; esa uSfrd iru 'kkfey gSA ¼x½fnokfy;k gS ;k fdlh U;k;ky; }kjk fu.khZr fnokfy;k gSA 7-lnL; }kjk dk;kZy; [kkyh djuk &;fn dksbZ lnL;& ¼d½/kkjk 6 esa of.kZr fujgrkZvksa esa ls fdlh ds v/;/khu gks tkrk gS] ;k ¼[k½xSjgkftjh dh NqV~Vh izkIr fd, fcuk cksMZ dh rhu cSBdksa ls yxkrkj xSj gkftj gksrk gS( ;k ¼x½/kkjk 5 ds varxZr viuk R;kxi= izLrqr djrk gS rks mlij mldk LFkku [kkyh gks tk,xkA 8-eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh vkSj U;kl ds deZpkjh ¼1½dsUæ ljdkj eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh dks fu;qDr djsxh rks cksMZ ds funsZ'kksa ds vUrxZr ,slh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx djsxk vkSj ,sls dRkZO;kas dk fuogZu djsxk tks fu/kkZfjr gSa ;k tSls v/;{k }kjk mls izR;k;ksftr fd, tk;saA ¼2½dsUæ ljdkj dh iwokZuqefr ds lkFk cksMZ ,sls vU; vf/kdkjh vkSj deZpkjh fu;qDr djsxk tks U;kl ds mn~ns';ksa dk ikyu djus ds fy, og t:jh le>sxk ¼3½eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh vkSj U;kl ds vU; vf/kdkjh;ksa vkSj deZpkfj;ksa dks ns; osru vkSj HkRrs ,sls gksaxs tks fofu;eksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr fd, tk;saxsA 9-cksMZ esa fjfDr;ksa ls d`R; fof/k vkfn vekU; ugha gks tk;sxsa & cksMZ ds fdlh d`R; ;k dk;Zokgh ij bl vk/kkj ij gh iz'u ugha mBk, tk;saxs fd cksMZ esa dksbZ in fLFkr gS ;k cksMZ ds xBu esa dksbZ =qfV gSA vè;k; & 3 U;kl ds mn~ns'; 10-U;kl ds mn~ns'; fuEukuqlkj gksxsa& ¼d½fu%'kDrrk okys yksxksa dks leFkZ vkSj l'kDr cukuk] leqnk; ds Hkhrj vkSj fudV ;Fkk laHko LorU= :Ik ls vkSj iw.kZ :Ik ls jg ldsa] ftlds os vax gSA ¼[k½fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa dks lqfo/kkvksa dks etcwr cukus ds fy, lgk;rk iznku djsa fd os vius ifjokjksa ds vUnj jg ldsa( ¼x½iathd`r laxBuksa dks lgk;rk iznku djsa fd fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa dks ifjokj esa ladV dh vof/k ds nkSjku t:jr vk/kkfjr lsok,a miyC/k djk ldsa] ¼?k½fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa dh leL;kvks dk fuiVku djuk ftUgsa ifjokj ls lgk;rk ugha feyrh( ¼M-½fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa ds laj{kdksa ;k ekrk&firk dh e`R;q gksus dh fLFkfr eas mudh ns[k js[k vkSj lqj{kk ds fy, mik; izLrqr djuk( ¼p½fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa ds fy,] ftUgsa ,slh lqj{kk dh t:jr gS laj{kdksa vkSj U;kfl;ksa dh fu;qfDr ds fy, fØ;k fof/k rS;kj djuk( ¼?k½fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa dh iw.kZ Hkkxhnkjh] leku volj vkSj vf/kdkjksa dh lqj{kk izkIr fd, tkus dks lqxe cukuk( ¼t½vkSj dksbZ vU; dk;Z djuk tks mi;qZDr mn~ns';ksa ds vkuq'kafxd gksaA v/;k;&4 cksMZ dh 'kfDr;ka vkSj dÙkZO; 11- ¼1½cksMZ& ¼d½ dsaæ ljdkj ls ,d eq'r jde ¼dkWiZl½ ds fy, ,d lkS djksM+ :i;s dk ,d&le; dk va'knku çkIr djsxk vkSj mldh vk; dk mi;ksx fu%'kDrrk okys yksxks ds thou ds fy, i;kZIr Lrj miyC/k djus ds fy, fd;k tk,xkA ¼[k½ fu%'kärk okys O;fä;ksa ds ykHk ds fy, lkekU;r% vkSj U;kl ds mís';ksa dks vxzlj djus ds fy, fo'ks"kr% fdlh Hkh O;fä ls py laifÙk dh ladYi nku ¼olh;rsa½ çkIr djsxk ijUrq ;g cksMZ ds fy, vfuok;Z gksxk dh olh;r esa ;fn dksbZ gks rks] ukeksfí"V ykHkkFkhZ ds fy, thou ds i;kZIr Lrj ds fy, O;oLFkk djsxk vkSj olh;r esa nh x;h laifÙk dk mi;ksx fdlh vU; ç;kstu ds fy, djsxk ftl ç;kstu ds fy, olh;r cukbZ x;h gSA c'krsZ dh cksMZ fdlh Hkh nkf;Ro ds v/khu ugha gksxk dh olh;r esa of.kZr leLr jkf'k dk mi;ksx olh;r esa fgrksf/kdkfj;ksa ds :i esa ukfer fu%'kDrrk okys O;fä;ksa ds vuU; ykHk ds fy, djsA ¼x½ dsaæ ljdkj ls ,slh jkf'k;k¡ çkIr djsxk ftls çR;sd foÙk o"kZ esa vko';d le>k tk,xk rkfd iath-r laxBuksa dks foÙkh; lgk;rk miyC/k djk;h tk lds fd os vuqeksfnr dk;ZØe dks lQyrkiwoZd dj ldsa ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds ç;kstu ds fy,] in ^^vuqeksfnr dk;ZØe** dk vFkZ gS% ¼d½ dksbZ dk;ZØe tks fu%'kärk okys O;fä;ksa ds fy, leqnk; esa Lora= thou ;kiu dks fuEu ds }kjk c<+kok nsrk gS&

1. (i) leqnk; esa vuqdwy ekgkSy mRiUu dj ds(
2. (ii) fu%'kärk okys O;fä;ksa ds ifjokj ds lnL;ksa dks ijke'kZ vkSj çf'k{k.k ns dj
3. (iii) o;Ld izf'k{k.k ;wfuVksa] O;fDrxr vkSj lewg ?kjksa dks LFkkfir djds½ ¼[k½dksbZ Hkh dk;ZØe tks fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa ds fy, ns[kjs[k] ifjokj ns[kjs[k dk lao/kZu ;k fu%'kDrrk okys yksxksa ds fy, fnol ns[k&js[k lsok dks c<+kok nsrk gS( ¼x½fu%'kDrrk okys yksxksa ds fy, fjgk;"kh gksLVy vkSj fjgk;"kh ?kjksa dh LFkkiuk djuk( ¼?k½fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa ds Lor% lgk;rk lewgksa dk fodkl djuk rkfd vius vf/kdkjksa dks izkIr dj ldsaA ¼M+½laj{kdrk dk vuqeksnu iznku djusa ds fy, LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr dh LFkkiuk djuk( vkSj ¼p½,sls vU; dk;ZØe tks U;kl ds mn~ns";kas dks c<+kok nsrs gSaA ¼3½mi&/kkjk ¼2½ dh [k.M ¼lh½ ds iz;kstu ds fy, fuf/k;ksa dks fpfUgr djrs le;] fu%'kDrrk okyh efgykvks dk xaHkhj fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa vkSj fu%'kDrrk okys ofj"B ukxfjdksa dks ojh;rk nh tk,xhA Li"Vhdj.k & mi/kkjk ds iz;kstuksa ds fy,] in& ¼d½^^xaHkhj fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr** dk ogh vFkZ gksxk tSlk fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr ¼leku volj] vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk vkSj iw.kZ Hkkxhnkjh½ vf/kfu;e 1995 ¼1996 dk 1½ dh /kkjk 56 dh mi/kkjk ¼4½ ds vUrxZr bls fn;k x;k gS ¼[k½^^ofj"B ukxfjd** dk vFkZ ,d ,slk O;fDr gS ftldh vk;q 65 o"kZ ;k vf/kd gSA vè;k; & 3 U;kl ds mn~ns'; 10-U;kl ds mn~ns'; fuEukuqlkj gksxsa& ¼d½fu%'kDrrk okys yksxksa dks leFkZ vkSj l'kDr cukuk] leqnk; ds Hkhrj vkSj fudV ;Fkk laHko LorU= :Ik ls vkSj iw.kZ :Ik ls jg ldsa] ftlds os vax gSA ¼[k½fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa dks lqfo/kkvksa dks etcwr cukus ds fy, lgk;rk iznku djsa fd os vius ifjokjksa ds vUnj jg ldsa( ¼x½iathd`r laxBuksa dks lgk;rk iznku djsa fd fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa dks ifjokj esa ladV dh vof/k ds nkSjku t:jr vk/kkfjr lsok,a miyC/k djk ldsa] ¼?k½fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa dh leL;kvks dk fuiVku djuk ftUgsa ifjokj ls lgk;rk ugha feyrh( ¼M-½fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa ds laj{kdksa ;k ekrk&firk dh e`R;q gksus dh fLFkfr eas mudh ns[k js[k vkSj lqj{kk ds fy, mik; izLrqr djuk( ¼p½fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa ds fy,] ftUgsa ,slh lqj{kk dh t:jr gS laj{kdksa vkSj U;kfl;ksa dh fu;qfDr ds fy, fØ;k fof/k rS;kj djuk( ¼?k½fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa dh iw.kZ Hkkxhnkjh] leku volj vkSj vf/kdkjksa dh lqj{kk izkIr fd, tkus dks lqxe cukuk( ¼t½vkSj dksbZ vU; dk;Z djuk tks mi;qZDr mn~ns';ksa ds vkuq'kafxd gksaA v/;k;&4 cksMZ dh 'kfDr;ka vkSj dÙkZO; 11- ¼1½cksMZ& ¼d½ dsaæ ljdkj ls ,d eq'r jde ¼dkWiZl½ ds fy, ,d lkS djksM+ :i;s dk ,d&le; dk va'knku çkIr djsxk vkSj mldh vk; dk mi;ksx fu%'kDrrk okys yksxks ds thou ds fy, i;kZIr Lrj miyC/k djus ds fy, fd;k tk,xkA ¼[k½ fu%'kärk okys O;fä;ksa ds ykHk ds fy, lkekU;r% vkSj U;kl ds mís';ksa dks vxzlj djus ds fy, fo'ks"kr% fdlh Hkh O;fä ls py laifÙk dh ladYi nku ¼olh;rsa½ çkIr djsxk ijUrq ;g cksMZ ds fy, vfuok;Z gksxk dh olh;r esa ;fn dksbZ gks rks] ukeksfí"V ykHkkFkhZ ds fy, thou ds i;kZIr Lrj ds fy, O;oLFkk djsxk vkSj olh;r esa nh x;h laifÙk dk mi;ksx fdlh vU; ç;kstu ds fy, djsxk ftl ç;kstu ds fy, olh;r cukbZ x;h gSA c'krsZ dh cksMZ fdlh Hkh nkf;Ro ds v/khu ugha gksxk dh olh;r esa of.kZr leLr jkf'k dk mi;ksx olh;r esa fgrksf/kdkfj;ksa ds :i esa ukfer fu%'kDrrk okys O;fä;ksa ds vuU; ykHk ds fy, djsA ¼x½ dsaæ ljdkj ls ,slh jkf'k;k¡ çkIr djsxk ftls çR;sd foÙk o"kZ esa vko';d le>k tk,xk rkfd iath-r laxBuksa dks foÙkh; lgk;rk miyC/k djk;h tk lds fd os vuqeksfnr dk;ZØe dks lQyrkiwoZd dj ldsa ¼2½ mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds ç;kstu ds fy,] in ^^vuqeksfnr dk;ZØe** dk vFkZ gS% ¼d½ dksbZ dk;ZØe tks fu%'kärk okys O;fä;ksa ds fy, leqnk; esa Lora= thou ;kiu dks fuEu ds }kjk c<+kok nsrk gS&
4. (i) leqnk; esa vuqdwy ekgkSy mRiUu dj ds(
5. (ii) fu%'kärk okys O;fä;ksa ds ifjokj ds lnL;ksa dks ijke'kZ vkSj çf'k{k.k ns dj
6. (iii) o;Ld izf'k{k.k ;wfuVksa] O;fDrxr vkSj lewg ?kjksa dks LFkkfir djds½ ¼[k½dksbZ Hkh dk;ZØe tks fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa ds fy, ns[kjs[k] ifjokj ns[kjs[k dk lao/kZu ;k fu%'kDrrk okys yksxksa ds fy, fnol ns[k&js[k lsok dks c<+kok nsrk gS( ¼x½fu%'kDrrk okys yksxksa ds fy, fjgk;"kh gksLVy vkSj fjgk;"kh ?kjksa dh LFkkiuk djuk( ¼?k½fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa ds Lor% lgk;rk lewgksa dk fodkl djuk rkfd vius vf/kdkjksa dks izkIr dj ldsaA ¼M+½laj{kdrk dk vuqeksnu iznku djusa ds fy, LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr dh LFkkiuk djuk( vkSj ¼p½,sls vU; dk;ZØe tks U;kl ds mn~ns";kas dks c<+kok nsrs gSaA ¼3½mi&/kkjk ¼2½ dh [k.M ¼lh½ ds iz;kstu ds fy, fuf/k;ksa dks fpfUgr djrs le;] fu%'kDrrk okyh efgykvks dk xaHkhj fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa vkSj fu%'kDrrk okys ofj"B ukxfjdksa dks ojh;rk nh tk,xhA Li"Vhdj.k & mi/kkjk ds iz;kstuksa ds fy,] in& ¼d½^^xaHkhj fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr** dk ogh vFkZ gksxk tSlk fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr ¼leku volj] vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk vkSj iw.kZ Hkkxhnkjh½ vf/kfu;e 1995 ¼1996 dk 1½ dh /kkjk 56 dh mi/kkjk ¼4½ ds vUrxZr bls fn;k x;k gS ¼[k½^^ofj"B ukxfjd** dk vFkZ ,d ,slk O;fDr gS ftldh vk;q 65 o"kZ ;k vf/kd gSA vè;k; 5 12-jftLVªs'ku ds fy, izfØ;k& 1-fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa dk dksbZ la?k] ;k fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa ds ekrk firkvksa dk dksbZ la?k ;k ,d LoSfPNd laxBu ftldk eq[; mn~ns'; fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa ds dY;k.k dks c<+kok nsuk gSa cksMZ dks iathdj.k ds fy, vkosnu ns ldrk gSA 2-iathdj.k ds fy, vkosnu ,oa QkeZ Hkjus dk rjhdk crk;k tk,xk tSlk cksMZ }kjk fofu;e ls miyC/k djk;k tk, vkSj mleas ,sls C;ksjs gkssaxs vkSj mlds lkFk ,sls nLrkost vkSj ,sls 'kqYd jgsaxs tSlk fofu;eksa esa micaf/kr gSA 3-iathdj.k ds fy, vkosnu izkIr djus ds ckn] cksMZ vkosnu dh vlyh;r vkSj mlesa fn, x, C;ksjs ds lR;rk ds ckjs esa ,slh iwNrkN djsxk] tks ;g mfpr le>rk gSA 4-,slk vkosnu izkIr gksus ij cksMZ ;k rks vkosnd dks iathdj.k iznku djsxk ;k vkosnu dks jn~n djsxk vkSj mlds dkj.kksa dks fyf[kr esa ntZ djsxkA ijarq ;g fd tgka vkosnd dks iathdj.k dh eukgh dh xbZ gS] mDr vkosnd vius igys vkosnu esa =qfV;ksa dks nwj j[krs gq,] ;fn dksbZ rks] iqu% ,d vkosnu ns ldsxkA vè;k; 6 LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr 13-LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr dk xBu& ¼1½cksMZ blds }kjk le;&le; ij fofufnZ"V ,sls {ks=ksa ds fy, ,d LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr dk xBu djsxkA ¼2½,d LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr esa 'kkfey gksaxs& ¼d½la?k ;k jkT; dh flfoy lsok dk ,d vf/kdkjh tks ftyk eftLVªsV ;k ft+yk ds ft+yk vk;qDr ls uhps ds in dk ugha gksxkA ¼[k½fdlh iathd`r laxBu dk ,d izfrfuf/k( vkSj ¼x½fu%'kDrrk okyk O;fDr tSlk] fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr ¼leku volj] vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk vkSj iw.kZ lgHkkfxrk½ vf/kfu;e] 1995 ¼1996 dk 1½ ds [k.M 2 dh /kkjk ¼d½ esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSA ¼3½,d LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr vius xBu dh rkjh[k ls rhu o"kZ dh vof/k ds fy, ;k ,sls le; rd tc cksMZ }kjk bldk iqu% xBu fd;k tkrk gSaA ¼4½ LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr rhu ekg esa ,d ckj ;k ,sls varjky ij feysxh tSlk vko';d gksA 14-laj{kdrk dh fu;qfDr 1-fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr ds eka cki ;k mldk laca/kh LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr dks fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr ds laj{kd ds :i eas dke djus ds fy, fu;qfDr ds fy, vkosnu ns ldrk gSA 2-dksbZ iathd`r laxBu fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr ds fy, ,d laj{kd dh fu;qfDr ds fy, LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr dks fu/kkZfjr QkeZ esa vkosnu ns ldrk gSa c'krsZ fd ,sls fdlh vkosnu ij LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr }kjk dk;Zokgh ugha dh tk,xh tc rd fd fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr ds laj{kd ls Hkh lgefr izkIr ugha dj yh tkrhA 3-,d laj{kd dh fu;qfDr ds fy, vkosnu ij fopkj djrs le;] LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr fopkj djsxh fd &D;k fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr dks laj{kd dh t:jr gS &fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr ds fy, laj{kdrk fdu iz;kstuksa ds fy, visf{kr gSA 4-mi[k.M ¼1½ vkSj ¼2½ ds varxZr vkosnuksa dks LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr izkIr djsxhA dk;Zokgh djsxh vkSj fu.kZ; bl rjhds ls ysxh tSlk fofu;eksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr gks% ijarq ;g fd ,d laj{kd dh fu;qfDr ds fy, flQkfj'k djrs le;] LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr nkf;Roksa dk mYys[k djsxh ftUgsa laj{kd }kjk iwjk fd;k tkuk gSA 5-LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr cksMZ dks ,sls varjkyksa ij tSls fofu;eksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr fd, x, gksa blds }kjk izkIr vkosnuksa vkSj ml ij fy, x, vkns'kks dk C;kSjk Hkstk tk;sxkA 15- laj{kd ds drZO; bl v/;k; ds varxZr fu%'kDrrk okys fdlh O;fDr ds laj{kd ds :Ik esa fu;qDr izR;sd O;fDr fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr vkSj mldh laifRr dh] tgka visf{kr gS] ns[kjs[k djsxk ;k fu%'kDrrk okys fdlh O;fDr ds Hkj.kiks"k.k ds fy, mÙkjnk;h gksxkA 16-laj{kd laifRr&lwph vkSj okf'kZd ys[ks izLrqr djsxk& ¼1½ /kkjk 14 ds varxZr laj{kd ds :i esa fu;qDr izR;sd O;fDr] viuh fu;qfDr dh rkjh[k ls N% ekg dh vof/k ds Hkhrj ftl izkf/kdkjh us mldh fu;qfDr dh gS mls fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr dh lc ifjlaifRr;ksa vkSj fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr dh vksj ls izkIr vU; py laifRr dh lwph lkSaisxk vkSj lkFk gh fu%'kDrrk okys ,sl O;fDr ls ns; vkSj 'kks/; lc nkoksa dk fooj.k nsxkA vè;k; 5 12-jftLVªs'ku ds fy, izfØ;k& 1-fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa dk dksbZ la?k] ;k fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa ds ekrk firkvksa dk dksbZ la?k ;k ,d LoSfPNd laxBu ftldk eq[; mn~ns'; fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr;ksa ds dY;k.k dks c<+kok nsuk gSa cksMZ dks iathdj.k ds fy, vkosnu ns ldrk gSA 2-iathdj.k ds fy, vkosnu ,oa QkeZ Hkjus dk rjhdk crk;k tk,xk tSlk cksMZ }kjk fofu;e ls miyC/k djk;k tk, vkSj mleas ,sls C;ksjs gkssaxs vkSj mlds lkFk ,sls nLrkost vkSj ,sls 'kqYd jgsaxs tSlk fofu;eksa esa micaf/kr gSA 3-iathdj.k ds fy, vkosnu izkIr djus ds ckn] cksMZ vkosnu dh vlyh;r vkSj mlesa fn, x, C;ksjs ds lR;rk ds ckjs esa ,slh iwNrkN djsxk] tks ;g mfpr le>rk gSA 4-,slk vkosnu izkIr gksus ij cksMZ ;k rks vkosnd dks iathdj.k iznku djsxk ;k vkosnu dks jn~n djsxk vkSj mlds dkj.kksa dks fyf[kr esa ntZ djsxkA ijarq ;g fd tgka vkosnd dks iathdj.k dh eukgh dh xbZ gS] mDr vkosnd vius igys vkosnu esa =qfV;ksa dks nwj j[krs gq,] ;fn dksbZ rks] iqu% ,d vkosnu ns ldsxkA vè;k; 6 LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr 13-LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr dk xBu& ¼1½cksMZ blds }kjk le;&le; ij fofufnZ"V ,sls {ks=ksa ds fy, ,d LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr dk xBu djsxkA ¼2½,d LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr esa 'kkfey gksaxs& ¼d½la?k ;k jkT; dh flfoy lsok dk ,d vf/kdkjh tks ftyk eftLVªsV ;k ft+yk ds ft+yk vk;qDr ls uhps ds in dk ugha gksxkA ¼[k½fdlh iathd`r laxBu dk ,d izfrfuf/k( vkSj ¼x½fu%'kDrrk okyk O;fDr tSlk] fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr ¼leku volj] vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk vkSj iw.kZ lgHkkfxrk½ vf/kfu;e] 1995 ¼1996 dk 1½ ds [k.M 2 dh /kkjk ¼d½ esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSA ¼3½,d LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr vius xBu dh rkjh[k ls rhu o"kZ dh vof/k ds fy, ;k ,sls le; rd tc cksMZ }kjk bldk iqu% xBu fd;k tkrk gSaA ¼4½ LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr rhu ekg esa ,d ckj ;k ,sls varjky ij feysxh tSlk vko';d gksA 14-laj{kdrk dh fu;qfDr 1-fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr ds eka cki ;k mldk laca/kh LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr dks fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr ds laj{kd ds :i eas dke djus ds fy, fu;qfDr ds fy, vkosnu ns ldrk gSA 2-dksbZ iathd`r laxBu fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr ds fy, ,d laj{kd dh fu;qfDr ds fy, LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr dks fu/kkZfjr QkeZ esa vkosnu ns ldrk gSa c'krsZ fd ,sls fdlh vkosnu ij LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr }kjk dk;Zokgh ugha dh tk,xh tc rd fd fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr ds laj{kd ls Hkh lgefr izkIr ugha dj yh tkrhA 3-,d laj{kd dh fu;qfDr ds fy, vkosnu ij fopkj djrs le;] LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr fopkj djsxh fd &D;k fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr dks laj{kd dh t:jr gS &fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr ds fy, laj{kdrk fdu iz;kstuksa ds fy, visf{kr gSA 4-mi[k.M ¼1½ vkSj ¼2½ ds varxZr vkosnuksa dks LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr izkIr djsxhA dk;Zokgh djsxh vkSj fu.kZ; bl rjhds ls ysxh tSlk fofu;eksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr gks% ijarq ;g fd ,d laj{kd dh fu;qfDr ds fy, flQkfj'k djrs le;] LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr nkf;Roksa dk mYys[k djsxh ftUgsa laj{kd }kjk iwjk fd;k tkuk gSA 5-LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr cksMZ dks ,sls varjkyksa ij tSls fofu;eksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr fd, x, gksa blds }kjk izkIr vkosnuksa vkSj ml ij fy, x, vkns'kks dk C;kSjk Hkstk tk;sxkA 15- laj{kd ds drZO; bl v/;k; ds varxZr fu%'kDrrk okys fdlh O;fDr ds laj{kd ds :Ik esa fu;qDr izR;sd O;fDr fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr vkSj mldh laifRr dh] tgka visf{kr gS] ns[kjs[k djsxk ;k fu%'kDrrk okys fdlh O;fDr ds Hkj.kiks"k.k ds fy, mÙkjnk;h gksxkA 16-laj{kd laifRr&lwph vkSj okf'kZd ys[ks izLrqr djsxk& ¼1½ /kkjk 14 ds varxZr laj{kd ds :i esa fu;qDr izR;sd O;fDr] viuh fu;qfDr dh rkjh[k ls N% ekg dh vof/k ds Hkhrj ftl izkf/kdkjh us mldh fu;qfDr dh gS mls fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr dh lc ifjlaifRr;ksa vkSj fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr dh vksj ls izkIr vU; py laifRr dh lwph lkSaisxk vkSj lkFk gh fu%'kDrrk okys ,sl O;fDr ls ns; vkSj 'kks/; lc nkoksa dk fooj.k nsxkA ¼2½izR;sd laj{kd mDr fu;qfDr izkf/kdkjh dks izR;sd for o'kZ dh lekIrh ds igys rhu ekg dh vof/k ds Hkhrj vius dCts esa laifRr vkSj ifjlaifRr;ksa dk ,d ys[kk nsxk] ftlesa fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr ds dkj.k izkIr vkSj forfjr jkf'k;ka vkSj mlds ikl cdk;k dk mYys[k gksxkA 17-laj{kd dks gVkuk 1-tgka fu%'kDr O;fDr ds eka cki ;k laca/kh ;k dksbZ iathd`r laxBu ns[krk gS fd laj{kd ¼d½ fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr ds lkFk nqO;Zogkj dj jgk gS ;k mldh vogsyuk dj jgk gS( ;k ¼[k½ lEifRr dk xcu ;k mis{kk dj jgk gS rks ;g fu/kkZfjr izfØ;k ds vuqlkj lfefr dks ,sl laj{kd dks gVkus ds fy, vkosnu ns ldrk gSA 2-,slk vkosnu izkIr gksus ij lfefr ;fn lUrq"V gS fd gVk;s tkus dk vk/kkj gS vkSj dkj.k fy[kr esa ntZ fd, tk;saxs] rks ,sls laj{kd dks gVk ldrh gS vkSj mlds LFkku ij ,d u;k laj{kd fu;qDr dj ldrh gS ;k ;fn ,slk laj{kd miyC/k ugha gS rks fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lqj{kk ds fy, vU; O;oLFkk,a djsxh tks t:jh gksxhA 3-mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds vUrxZr gVk;k x;k dksbZ O;fDr ck/; gksxk fd fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr dh lc laifRr dk pktZ u, laj{kd dks ns vkSj mlus tks jkf'k;ka izkIr ;k forfjr dh gS mudk ys[k nsA Li"Vhdj.k & bl v/;k; ds iz;kstu ds fy, in ^^laca/kh** esa dksbZ Hkh O;fDr 'kkfey gS ftldk fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr ds lkFk [kwu] fookg ;k nÙkd xzg.k dk fj'rk gSA vè;k; 7 tokcnsgh vkSj ekWuhVfjax (fuxjkuh djuk) 18tokcnsgh 1-cksMZ ds dCts esa cfg;k¡ vkSj izys[k fdlh Hkh iathd`r laxBu }kjk fujh{k.k ds fy, [kqys gSaA 2-dksbZ Hkh iathd`r laxBu cksMZ dks fyf[kr ekax i= Hkstk ldrk gS fd cksMZ }kjk j[kh tkus okys fdlh cgh&[kkrk ;k izys[k dh izfr izkIr dj ldsA 3-iathd`r laxBu dks fdlh cgh ;k izys[k rd igqap dh vuqefr nsus ds fy, cksMZ ,sls fofu;e cuk ldrk gS tSlk ;g mfpr le>rk gSA 19-fuxjkuh djuk cksMZ fofu;ekas }kjk iathd`r laxBuksa ds fuf/k;u&iwoZ vofLFkfr dk ewY;kadu djus izfØ;k fu/kkZfjr dj ldrk gS tks blls foRrh; lgk;rk ekax jgh gS vkSj ,ls fofu;eksa eas iathd`r laxBuksa dh xfrfof/k;ksa dh ekWuhVfjax vkSj ewY;kadu djus ds fy, Hkh O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg, tks U;kl ls foRrh; lgk;rk izkIr dj jgs gSaA 20- okf"kZd vke lHkk 1-cksMZ izR;sd o"kZ esa iathd`r laxBuksa dh okf"kZd vke lHkk dk vk;kstu djsxk vkSj ,d okf"kZd vke lHkk dh rkjh[k vkSj vxys o"kZ dh vke lHkk dh rkjh[k esa N% ekg ls vf/kd dk vUrjky ugha gksxkA 2okf"kZd vke lHkk dh lwpuk ds lkFk iwoZorhZ o"kZ ds nkSjku ys[kksa dk fooj.k vkSj bldh xfrfof/k;ksa dk fjdkMZ cksMZ }kjk izR;sd iathd`r laxBu dks ,sls le; ij Hkstk tk;sxk tSlk fofu;eksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk,xkA 3,slh cSBd dk dksje iathd`r laxBuksa ds O;fDr;ksa dh ,slh la[;k gksxh tSlk fofu;eksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk,xkA vè;k; 8 foRr] ys[kk vkSj ys[kk ijh{kk 21-dsUæ ljdkj }kjk vuqnku& dsUæ ljdkj blds i{k esa dkuwu }kjk laln }kjk mfpr fofu;ksx ds ckn] U;kl dks ,d lkS djksM+ :i;s dk ,d ckj ;ksxnku ,d dkiZl ds fy, djsxh] ftldh vk; dk iz;ksx bl vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr U;kl ds mn~ns';ksa dks izkIr djus ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gSA 22-fuf/k& 1-,d fuf/k dk xBu fd;k tk,xk ftls jk"Vªh; U;kl Loijk;.krk] izefLr"d ?kkr] ekufld eUnrk vkSj cgq& fu%'kDrrkvksaxzLr O;fDr;ksa ds dY;k.k gsrq jk"Vªh; U;kl dgk tk,xk vkSj mleas ØsfMV dh tk,xh& ¼d½dsUnz ljdkj ls izkIr gksus okys lao/kZu ¼[k½vuqnkuksa] migkjksa] nkuksa] midkjks] olh;rksa vkSj vUr.kksa ls U;kl dks izkIr /kujkf'k ¼x½fdlh vU; rjhds ls ;k vU; L=ksr ls U;kl }kjk izkIr lc /kuA 2-dks"k ls lacaf/kr /kujkf'k dks ,sls cSadksa esa tek fd;k tk,xk ;k ,sls rjhds ls iwath fuos'k fd;k tk,xk tSlk lfefr] dsUæ ljdkj ds vuqeksnu ds v/khu jgrs gq,] fu.kZ; ysxkA 3dks"k jkf'k dks U;kl ds iz'kklfud vkSj vU; [kpksZa dks iwjk djus gsrq eas iz;qDr fd;k tk,xk ftlesa bldh 'kfDr;ksa ds iz;ksx vkSj cksMZ }kjk drZO;ksa ds fuogZu ij mixr [kpsZ 'kkfey gSa tks [k.M 10 ds vUrxZr bldh fdlh xfrfof/k;ksa ;k muls laca/ku ;ksX; fdlh pht ds fy, gksaxsA ¼2½izR;sd laj{kd mDr fu;qfDr izkf/kdkjh dks izR;sd for o'kZ dh lekIrh ds igys rhu ekg dh vof/k ds Hkhrj vius dCts esa laifRr vkSj ifjlaifRr;ksa dk ,d ys[kk nsxk] ftlesa fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr ds dkj.k izkIr vkSj forfjr jkf'k;ka vkSj mlds ikl cdk;k dk mYys[k gksxkA 17-laj{kd dks gVkuk 1-tgka fu%'kDr O;fDr ds eka cki ;k laca/kh ;k dksbZ iathd`r laxBu ns[krk gS fd laj{kd ¼d½ fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr ds lkFk nqO;Zogkj dj jgk gS ;k mldh vogsyuk dj jgk gS( ;k ¼[k½ lEifRr dk xcu ;k mis{kk dj jgk gS rks ;g fu/kkZfjr izfØ;k ds vuqlkj lfefr dks ,sl laj{kd dks gVkus ds fy, vkosnu ns ldrk gSA 2-,slk vkosnu izkIr gksus ij lfefr ;fn lUrq"V gS fd gVk;s tkus dk vk/kkj gS vkSj dkj.k fy[kr esa ntZ fd, tk;saxs] rks ,sls laj{kd dks gVk ldrh gS vkSj mlds LFkku ij ,d u;k laj{kd fu;qDr dj ldrh gS ;k ;fn ,slk laj{kd miyC/k ugha gS rks fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr dh ns[kjs[k vkSj lqj{kk ds fy, vU; O;oLFkk,a djsxh tks t:jh gksxhA 3-mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds vUrxZr gVk;k x;k dksbZ O;fDr ck/; gksxk fd fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr dh lc laifRr dk pktZ u, laj{kd dks ns vkSj mlus tks jkf'k;ka izkIr ;k forfjr dh gS mudk ys[k nsA Li"Vhdj.k & bl v/;k; ds iz;kstu ds fy, in ^^laca/kh** esa dksbZ Hkh O;fDr 'kkfey gS ftldk fu%'kDrrk okys O;fDr ds lkFk [kwu] fookg ;k nÙkd xzg.k dk fj'rk gSA vè;k; 7 tokcnsgh vkSj ekWuhVfjax (fuxjkuh djuk) 18tokcnsgh 1-cksMZ ds dCts esa cfg;k¡ vkSj izys[k fdlh Hkh iathd`r laxBu }kjk fujh{k.k ds fy, [kqys gSaA 2-dksbZ Hkh iathd`r laxBu cksMZ dks fyf[kr ekax i= Hkstk ldrk gS fd cksMZ }kjk j[kh tkus okys fdlh cgh&[kkrk ;k izys[k dh izfr izkIr dj ldsA 3-iathd`r laxBu dks fdlh cgh ;k izys[k rd igqap dh vuqefr nsus ds fy, cksMZ ,sls fofu;e cuk ldrk gS tSlk ;g mfpr le>rk gSA 19-fuxjkuh djuk cksMZ fofu;ekas }kjk iathd`r laxBuksa ds fuf/k;u&iwoZ vofLFkfr dk ewY;kadu djus izfØ;k fu/kkZfjr dj ldrk gS tks blls foRrh; lgk;rk ekax jgh gS vkSj ,ls fofu;eksa eas iathd`r laxBuksa dh xfrfof/k;ksa dh ekWuhVfjax vkSj ewY;kadu djus ds fy, Hkh O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg, tks U;kl ls foRrh; lgk;rk izkIr dj jgs gSaA 20- okf"kZd vke lHkk 1-cksMZ izR;sd o"kZ esa iathd`r laxBuksa dh okf"kZd vke lHkk dk vk;kstu djsxk vkSj ,d okf"kZd vke lHkk dh rkjh[k vkSj vxys o"kZ dh vke lHkk dh rkjh[k esa N% ekg ls vf/kd dk vUrjky ugha gksxkA 2okf"kZd vke lHkk dh lwpuk ds lkFk iwoZorhZ o"kZ ds nkSjku ys[kksa dk fooj.k vkSj bldh xfrfof/k;ksa dk fjdkMZ cksMZ }kjk izR;sd iathd`r laxBu dks ,sls le; ij Hkstk tk;sxk tSlk fofu;eksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk,xkA 3,slh cSBd dk dksje iathd`r laxBuksa ds O;fDr;ksa dh ,slh la[;k gksxh tSlk fofu;eksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk,xkA vè;k; 8 foRr] ys[kk vkSj ys[kk ijh{kk 21-dsUæ ljdkj }kjk vuqnku& dsUæ ljdkj blds i{k esa dkuwu }kjk laln }kjk mfpr fofu;ksx ds ckn] U;kl dks ,d lkS djksM+ :i;s dk ,d ckj ;ksxnku ,d dkiZl ds fy, djsxh] ftldh vk; dk iz;ksx bl vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr U;kl ds mn~ns';ksa dks izkIr djus ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gSA 22-fuf/k& 1-,d fuf/k dk xBu fd;k tk,xk ftls jk"Vªh; U;kl Loijk;.krk] izefLr"d ?kkr] ekufld eUnrk vkSj cgq& fu%'kDrrkvksaxzLr O;fDr;ksa ds dY;k.k gsrq jk"Vªh; U;kl dgk tk,xk vkSj mleas ØsfMV dh tk,xh& ¼d½dsUnz ljdkj ls izkIr gksus okys lao/kZu ¼[k½vuqnkuksa] migkjksa] nkuksa] midkjks] olh;rksa vkSj vUr.kksa ls U;kl dks izkIr /kujkf'k ¼x½fdlh vU; rjhds ls ;k vU; L=ksr ls U;kl }kjk izkIr lc /kuA 2-dks"k ls lacaf/kr /kujkf'k dks ,sls cSadksa esa tek fd;k tk,xk ;k ,sls rjhds ls iwath fuos'k fd;k tk,xk tSlk lfefr] dsUæ ljdkj ds vuqeksnu ds v/khu jgrs gq,] fu.kZ; ysxkA 3dks"k jkf'k dks U;kl ds iz'kklfud vkSj vU; [kpksZa dks iwjk djus gsrq eas iz;qDr fd;k tk,xk ftlesa bldh 'kfDr;ksa ds iz;ksx vkSj cksMZ }kjk drZO;ksa ds fuogZu ij mixr [kpsZ 'kkfey gSa tks [k.M 10 ds vUrxZr bldh fdlh xfrfof/k;ksa ;k muls laca/ku ;ksX; fdlh pht ds fy, gksaxsA 23-ctV&cksMZ ,sls izk:i esa vkSj izR;sd foRr o"kZ esa ,sls le; ij] tSlk fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk;s vxys foRr o"kZ ds fy, ctV rS;kj djsxk ftlesa U;kl dh vuqekfur izkfIr;ka vkSj [kpZs fn[kk, tk,axs vkSj mls dsUæ dks Hkstk tk,xkA 24ys[kk vkSj ys[kk ijh{k.k ¼1½cksMZ mfpr ys[kksa vkSj laca) vfHkys[kksa dks j[ksxk vkSj U;kl ds ys[kksa ds okf"kZd fooj.k vk; vkSj O;; ys[kksa lfgr ,sls izk:i esa rS;kj djsxk tSlk dsUæ ljdkj fu/kkZfjr djsxh vkSj ,sls lkekU; funsZ'kksa ds vuqlkj ftls ml ljdkj }kjk Hkkjr ds fu;U=d&egkys[kkifj{kd ds ijke'kZ ls tkjh fd;k tk,xkA ¼2½U;kl ds ys[kksa dh Hkkjr ds fu;a=d ,oa egkys[kk ifj{kd }kjk ys[kk ijh{k.k ,sls vUrjkyksa ij dh tk,xh tSlk mlds }kjk fofufnZ"V fd;k tk,xk vkSj mlds }kjk bl ys[kk ijh{k.k ds laca/k esa mixr fdlh [kpsZ dks cksMZ }kjk Hkkjr ds fu;a=d ,oa egkys[kkdkj dks vnk fd;k tk,xkA ¼3½Hkkjr dk fu;a=d ,oa egkys[kkifj{kd vkSj U;kl dh ys[kk&ijh{k.k ds laca/k esa mlds }kjk fu;qDr ,slh ys[kk ijh{kk ds laca/k esa j[krk gS vkSj fo'ks"kr% mls vf/kdkj gksxk fd ys[kk ofg;ksa] lacaf/kr okmpjksa vkSj vU; izys[kksa vkSj dkxtkr dks izLrqr djus dh ekax dks vkSj U;kl ds dk;kZy;ksa eas ls fdlh dk fujh{k.k djsA ¼4½Hkkjr ds fu;a=d ,oa egkys[kkifj{kd ;k mlds }kjk bl fn'kk esa fu;qDr fdlh vU; O;fDr }kjk izekf.kr U;kl ds ys[ks vkSj lkFk gh muij ys[kk ijh{kk fjiksVZ dks dsUæ ljdkj ds ikl gj o"kZ Hkstk tk,xk vkSj og ljdkj mUgsa laln ds izR;sd lnu ds le{k j[kok,xhA 25-okf"kZd izfrosnu&cksMZ gj o"kZ ,sls QkeZ esa] ,sls le; ds Hkhrj tSlk fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk, ,d okf"kZd fjiksVZ rS;kj djsxk ftlesa fiNys o"kZ esa bldh xfrfof/k;ksa dk lPpk vkSj iwjk ys[kk fn;k tk,xk vkSj mldh izfr;ka dsæ ljdkj dks Hksth tk,xha vkSj og ljdkj mUgsa laln ds izR;sd lnu ds le{k j[kok,xhA 26-vkns'kks vkfn dks vf/kizekf.kr djuk% cksMZ ds lc vkns'k vkSj fu.kZ; vkSj U;kl ds uke esa tkjh izys[k v/;{k eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh ;k bl laca/k esa v/;{k }kjk izkf/kd`r vU; vf/kdkjh ds gLrk{kj }kjk vf/kizekf.kr fd, tk,xsa 27-foojf.k;ka vkSj lwpuk& cksMZ dsUæ ljdkj dks ,slh izfrosnu] fofojf.k;ka vkSj vU; lwpuk miyC/k djk,xk tks dsUnz ljdkj le; le; ij pkgsxhA vè;k; 9 fofo/ 28funsZ'k tkjh djus dh dsUæ ljdkj dh 'kfDr & 1-bl vf/kfu;e dh iwoZorhZ micU/kksa ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk] bl vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr 'kfDr;ksa ds iz;ksx ;k blds drZO;ksa fu"iknu esa cksMZ uhfr ds iz'uksa ij ,sls funsZ"kksa }kjk vkc) jgsxk tSlk fd dsUæ ljdkj le; le; ij fyf[kr :i esa nsxh% ijUrq ;g fd cksMZ dks ;Fkk O;kogk;Z] ,d volj fn;k tkuk pkfg, fd vius fopkj O;Dr dj lds] blls igys fd bl mi/kkjk ds vUrxZr dksbZ funsZ'k fn;k tkrk gSA ¼2½D;k ;g uhfr dk iz'u gS ;k ugha gS bl laca/k esa dsUæ ljdkj dk fu.kZ; vafre gksxkA 29cksMZ dk vf/kØe.k djus dh dsUæ ljdkj dh 'kfDr 1-;fn ,d iathd`r laxBu dh f'kdk;r ij dsUæ ljdkj ;k vU;Fkk mlds ikl ;g fo'okl djus ds dkj.k gS fd cksMZ dke djus ds ;ksX; ugha gS ;k mls lkSis x, drZO;ksa ds fu'iknu esa fuUrj pwd djrk gS rks dsUæ ljdkj cksMZ dks lwpuk tkjh dj ldrh gS vkSj iwN ldrh gS fd bldk vf/kØe.k D;ks u fd;k tk,( Ikjarq ;g fd dsUæ ljdkj }kj cksMZ dks vf/kØe.k djus dk dksbZ vkns'k tkjh ugah fd;k tk,xk tc rd fd cksMZ dks mfpr volj iznku djrs gq, ,d lwpuk fyf[kr :Ik esa ugha nh xbZ gS fd mls vf/kØe.k D;ks u fd;k tk;sxkA 2-dsUæ ljdkj fyf[kr :Ik esa dkj.k fjdkMZ djus ds ckn vkSj ljdkjh jkti= esa ,d vf/klwpuk tkjh djds cksMZ dk ,d vof/k ds fy, vf/kØe.k djrh gS tks N% ekg ls vf/kd ugha gksxh( c'krsZ fd vf/kØe.k dh vof/k dh lekfIr ij dsUæ ljdkj /kkjk 3 ds vuqlkj cksMZ dk iquxZBu djsxhA 3-mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds vUrxZr vf/klwpuk ds izdkf'kr gksus ij ¼d½cksMZ ds lc lnL;] bl ckr dk fygkt fd, fcuk fd vf/kØe.k dh rkjh[k dks muds in dh vof/k lekIr ugha gqbZ gS os ,sls lnL;ksa ds :Ik esa dk;kZy; [kkyh dj nsaxs( ¼[k½lc 'kfDr;ksa vkSj dRkZO;ksa ftudk bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kksa }kjk ;k vUrxZr U;kl dh vksj ls iz;qDr ;k fu"ikfnr dh tk,axh] vf/kØe.k dh vof/k ds nkSjku ,sls O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ksa }kjk iz;qDr vkSj fu"ikfnr dh tk,axh tSlk fd dsæ ljdkj funsZf'kr djsxhA 4-mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds vUrxZr tkjh vf/klwpuk;sa esa fufnZ"V vf/kØe.k dh vof/k dh lekfIr ij dsæ ljdkj ¼d½vkxs vkSj vof/k ds fy, vf/kØe.k dh vof/k dks c<+k ldrh gS tSlk ;g t:jh le>s rkfd vf/kØe.k dh dqy vof/k N% ekg ls vf/kd ugha gksxh( ;k ¼[k½/kkjk 3 ¼1961 dk 43½ esa crk, rjhds esa cksMZ dk iquxZBu djsaA 30vk; ij dj ls NwV& vk;dj vf/kfu;e] 1961 esa ;k vU;] ykHk vkSj Qk;ns ij dj ls lacaf/kr izo`Rr fdlh vU; dkuwu ds rRle; izo`Rr gksrs gq, Hkh] U;kl vk;dj ;k fdlh vU; izdkj dk mldh O;qRiUu vk;] ykHk ;k Qk;ns ds ckjs esa vk;dj ;k vU; dj dk Hkqxrku djus dk nk;h ugha gksxk 23-ctV&cksMZ ,sls izk:i esa vkSj izR;sd foRr o"kZ esa ,sls le; ij] tSlk fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk;s vxys foRr o"kZ ds fy, ctV rS;kj djsxk ftlesa U;kl dh vuqekfur izkfIr;ka vkSj [kpZs fn[kk, tk,axs vkSj mls dsUæ dks Hkstk tk,xkA 24ys[kk vkSj ys[kk ijh{k.k ¼1½cksMZ mfpr ys[kksa vkSj laca) vfHkys[kksa dks j[ksxk vkSj U;kl ds ys[kksa ds okf"kZd fooj.k vk; vkSj O;; ys[kksa lfgr ,sls izk:i esa rS;kj djsxk tSlk dsUæ ljdkj fu/kkZfjr djsxh vkSj ,sls lkekU; funsZ'kksa ds vuqlkj ftls ml ljdkj }kjk Hkkjr ds fu;U=d&egkys[kkifj{kd ds ijke'kZ ls tkjh fd;k tk,xkA ¼2½U;kl ds ys[kksa dh Hkkjr ds fu;a=d ,oa egkys[kk ifj{kd }kjk ys[kk ijh{k.k ,sls vUrjkyksa ij dh tk,xh tSlk mlds }kjk fofufnZ"V fd;k tk,xk vkSj mlds }kjk bl ys[kk ijh{k.k ds laca/k esa mixr fdlh [kpsZ dks cksMZ }kjk Hkkjr ds fu;a=d ,oa egkys[kkdkj dks vnk fd;k tk,xkA ¼3½Hkkjr dk fu;a=d ,oa egkys[kkifj{kd vkSj U;kl dh ys[kk&ijh{k.k ds laca/k esa mlds }kjk fu;qDr ,slh ys[kk ijh{kk ds laca/k esa j[krk gS vkSj fo'ks"kr% mls vf/kdkj gksxk fd ys[kk ofg;ksa] lacaf/kr okmpjksa vkSj vU; izys[kksa vkSj dkxtkr dks izLrqr djus dh ekax dks vkSj U;kl ds dk;kZy;ksa eas ls fdlh dk fujh{k.k djsA ¼4½Hkkjr ds fu;a=d ,oa egkys[kkifj{kd ;k mlds }kjk bl fn'kk esa fu;qDr fdlh vU; O;fDr }kjk izekf.kr U;kl ds ys[ks vkSj lkFk gh muij ys[kk ijh{kk fjiksVZ dks dsUæ ljdkj ds ikl gj o"kZ Hkstk tk,xk vkSj og ljdkj mUgsa laln ds izR;sd lnu ds le{k j[kok,xhA 25-okf"kZd izfrosnu&cksMZ gj o"kZ ,sls QkeZ esa] ,sls le; ds Hkhrj tSlk fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk, ,d okf"kZd fjiksVZ rS;kj djsxk ftlesa fiNys o"kZ esa bldh xfrfof/k;ksa dk lPpk vkSj iwjk ys[kk fn;k tk,xk vkSj mldh izfr;ka dsæ ljdkj dks Hksth tk,xha vkSj og ljdkj mUgsa laln ds izR;sd lnu ds le{k j[kok,xhA 26-vkns'kks vkfn dks vf/kizekf.kr djuk% cksMZ ds lc vkns'k vkSj fu.kZ; vkSj U;kl ds uke esa tkjh izys[k v/;{k eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh ;k bl laca/k esa v/;{k }kjk izkf/kd`r vU; vf/kdkjh ds gLrk{kj }kjk vf/kizekf.kr fd, tk,xsa 27-foojf.k;ka vkSj lwpuk& cksMZ dsUæ ljdkj dks ,slh izfrosnu] fofojf.k;ka vkSj vU; lwpuk miyC/k djk,xk tks dsUnz ljdkj le; le; ij pkgsxhA vè;k; 9 fofo/ 28funsZ'k tkjh djus dh dsUæ ljdkj dh 'kfDr & 1-bl vf/kfu;e dh iwoZorhZ micU/kksa ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk] bl vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr 'kfDr;ksa ds iz;ksx ;k blds drZO;ksa fu"iknu esa cksMZ uhfr ds iz'uksa ij ,sls funsZ"kksa }kjk vkc) jgsxk tSlk fd dsUæ ljdkj le; le; ij fyf[kr :i esa nsxh% ijUrq ;g fd cksMZ dks ;Fkk O;kogk;Z] ,d volj fn;k tkuk pkfg, fd vius fopkj O;Dr dj lds] blls igys fd bl mi/kkjk ds vUrxZr dksbZ funsZ'k fn;k tkrk gSA ¼2½D;k ;g uhfr dk iz'u gS ;k ugha gS bl laca/k esa dsUæ ljdkj dk fu.kZ; vafre gksxkA 29cksMZ dk vf/kØe.k djus dh dsUæ ljdkj dh 'kfDr 1-;fn ,d iathd`r laxBu dh f'kdk;r ij dsUæ ljdkj ;k vU;Fkk mlds ikl ;g fo'okl djus ds dkj.k gS fd cksMZ dke djus ds ;ksX; ugha gS ;k mls lkSis x, drZO;ksa ds fu'iknu esa fuUrj pwd djrk gS rks dsUæ ljdkj cksMZ dks lwpuk tkjh dj ldrh gS vkSj iwN ldrh gS fd bldk vf/kØe.k D;ks u fd;k tk,( Ikjarq ;g fd dsUæ ljdkj }kj cksMZ dks vf/kØe.k djus dk dksbZ vkns'k tkjh ugah fd;k tk,xk tc rd fd cksMZ dks mfpr volj iznku djrs gq, ,d lwpuk fyf[kr :Ik esa ugha nh xbZ gS fd mls vf/kØe.k D;ks u fd;k tk;sxkA 2-dsUæ ljdkj fyf[kr :Ik esa dkj.k fjdkMZ djus ds ckn vkSj ljdkjh jkti= esa ,d vf/klwpuk tkjh djds cksMZ dk ,d vof/k ds fy, vf/kØe.k djrh gS tks N% ekg ls vf/kd ugha gksxh( c'krsZ fd vf/kØe.k dh vof/k dh lekfIr ij dsUæ ljdkj /kkjk 3 ds vuqlkj cksMZ dk iquxZBu djsxhA 3-mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds vUrxZr vf/klwpuk ds izdkf'kr gksus ij ¼d½cksMZ ds lc lnL;] bl ckr dk fygkt fd, fcuk fd vf/kØe.k dh rkjh[k dks muds in dh vof/k lekIr ugha gqbZ gS os ,sls lnL;ksa ds :Ik esa dk;kZy; [kkyh dj nsaxs( ¼[k½lc 'kfDr;ksa vkSj dRkZO;ksa ftudk bl vf/kfu;e ds micU/kksa }kjk ;k vUrxZr U;kl dh vksj ls iz;qDr ;k fu"ikfnr dh tk,axh] vf/kØe.k dh vof/k ds nkSjku ,sls O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ksa }kjk iz;qDr vkSj fu"ikfnr dh tk,axh tSlk fd dsæ ljdkj funsZf'kr djsxhA 4-mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds vUrxZr tkjh vf/klwpuk;sa esa fufnZ"V vf/kØe.k dh vof/k dh lekfIr ij dsæ ljdkj ¼d½vkxs vkSj vof/k ds fy, vf/kØe.k dh vof/k dks c<+k ldrh gS tSlk ;g t:jh le>s rkfd vf/kØe.k dh dqy vof/k N% ekg ls vf/kd ugha gksxh( ;k ¼[k½/kkjk 3 ¼1961 dk 43½ esa crk, rjhds esa cksMZ dk iquxZBu djsaA 30vk; ij dj ls NwV& vk;dj vf/kfu;e] 1961 esa ;k vU;] ykHk vkSj Qk;ns ij dj ls lacaf/kr izo`Rr fdlh vU; dkuwu ds rRle; izo`Rr gksrs gq, Hkh] U;kl vk;dj ;k fdlh vU; izdkj dk mldh O;qRiUu vk;] ykHk ;k Qk;ns ds ckjs esa vk;dj ;k vU; dj dk Hkqxrku djus dk nk;h ugha gksxk 31ln~Hkkouk ls dh xbZ dkjZokgh ds fy, lqj{kk&dksbZ okn] vfHk;kstu ;k vU; fof/kd dk;Zokgh dsæ ljdkj ;k U;kl ;k cksMZ ds fdlh lnL; ;k eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh ;k U;kl ds fdlh vU; vf/kdkjh ;k deZpkjh ds ;k cksMZ }kjk bl vf/kfu;e ds varxZr drZO; fuoZgu ds fy, izkf/kd`r vU; O;fDr ds fo:) fdlh gkfu ;k {kfr ds fy, ugh dh tk,xh lnHkkouk ls dh xbZ fdlh pht ls ftlds gksus dh laHkkouk gks ldrh gS ¼1860 dk 15½ Li"Vhdj.k& bl [k.M ds mn~ns'; ds fy, in ^^lnHkkouk** dk ogh vFkZ gksxk tks bls Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk ¼1860 dk 15½ esa fn;k x;k gSA 32U;kl ds v/;{k] lnL; vkSj vf/kdkjh yksd lsod gksaxs& U;kl ds lc lnL;] eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh] vU; vf/kdkjh vkSj deZpkfj;ksa dks Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk dh /kkjk 21 ds vFkZ ds Hkhrj yksdlsod ekuk tk,xk tc bl vf/kfu;e ds fdlh mica/k ds vuqlj.k esa dk;Z dj jgs gSa] ;k dk;Z djuk rkRifFkZr gSA 33-izR;k;kstu&cksMZ] lkekU; ;k fo'ks"k vkns'k }kjk fyf[kr esa] U;kl ds v/;{k ;k U;kl ds fdlh lnL; ;k vf/kdkjh ;k fdlh vU; O;fDr dks ,slh 'krksZa vkSj lhekvksa ds v/khu jgrs gq,] ;fn dksbZ gks] tSlk fd vkns'k esa fofufnZ"V gksxk bl vf/kfu;e ds vurxZr viuh 'kfDr;ksa esa ls ,slh 'kfDr;ksa dk izR;k;kstu djsxk tSlk ;g t:jh le>sxkA ¼/kkjk 35 ds v/khu fofu;e cukus dh 'kfDr ds flok;½ 34fu;e cukus dh 'kfDr& 1-dsæ ljdkj] jkt i= esa vf/klwpuk }kjk vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa dks fØ;kfUor djus ds fy, fu;e cuk ldrh gSA 2fo'ks"kr% vkSj iwokZxkeh 'kfDr;ksa dh O;kidrk ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk ,sls fu;e fuEufyf[kr ekeyksa ds lc ds fy, O;oLFkk djsaxs] ;kuh ¼d½ izfØ;k ftlds vuqlkj iathd`r laxBu dk izfrfuf/kRo djusa okys O;fDr /kkjk 3 dh mi/kkjk 4 ds [kaM ¼[k½ ds vUrxZr pqu tk;saxs(

¼[k½ /kkjk 4 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds vUrxZr v/;{k vkSj lnL;ksa dh lsok dh 'krsZa(

¼x½/kkjk 4 dh mi/kkjk [k.M ¼6½ ds vUrxZr cksMZ dh cSBdksa esa dkjckj dhs lap;ogkj esa izfØ;k ds fu;e( ¼?k½/kkjk 8 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds vUrxZr eq[;dk;Z ikyd 'kfDr;ka vkSj drZO;( ¼M+½QkeZ ftlesa ,d iathd`r laxBu laj{kdrk ds fy, vkosnu /kkjk 14 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds vUrxZr djsxk ( ¼p½izfØ;k ftlds vuqlkj /kkjk 17 ds vUrjxr laj{kd dks gVk;k tk ldsA ¼N½QkeZ ftlesa vkSj vof/k ftlds Hkhrj U;kl dk ctV /kkjk 23 ds vUrxZr dsæ ljdkj dks vxzsf"kr fd;k tk;sxkA ¼t½ QkeZ ftlesa ys[kksa dk okf"kZd fooj.k [k.M 24 ds mi[kaM ¼1½ ds vUrxZr j[kk tk,xk( ¼>½QkeZ ftlesa vkSj le; ftlds Hkhrj] okf"kZd fjiksZVZ /kkjk 25 ds vUrxZr rS;kjh dh tk;sxha vkSj Hksth tk;sxhA ¼r½dksbZ Hkh vU; ekeyk ftls fu/kkZfjr djuk visf{kr gS ;k fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk;sxkA 35-fofu;e cukus dh 'kfDr 1-cksMZ] dsUæ ljdkj ds iwoZ vuqeksnu ls ljdkjh jkti= esa vf/klwpuk }kjk fofu;e cuk,xk tks bl vf/kfu;e vkSj fu;eksa ds laxr gksaxs vkSj lkekU;r% bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuksa dks fu"ikfnr djsaxsA 2-fo'ks"kr% vkSj iwoZxkeh 'kfDr dh O;kidrk ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk] ,sls fofu;e fuEu ekeyksa lc ds fy, ;k fdlh ds fy, O;oLFkk djsaxs] ;kuh ¼d½rjhdk vkSj iz;kstu ftlds fy, /kkjk 3 dh mi/kkjk ¼5½ ds vUrxZr O;fDr dks laca) fd;k tk;sxkA ¼[k½le; vkSj LFkku tgka /kkjk 4 dh mi/kkjk ¼6½ ds vUrxZr cksMZ dh cSBd gksxh( ¼x½/kkjk 8 dh mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds vUrxZr U;kl ds eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh] vU; vf/kdkjh;ksa vkSj deZpkfj;ksa dh lsok ds fucU/ku vkSj 'krsZsa % ¼?k½QkeZ vkSj rjhdk ftlesa /kkjk 12 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds vUrxZr iathdj.k ds fy, vkosnu fn;k tk,xk vkSj C;ksjs tks mi[k.M 19 ds vUrxZr ,sls vkosnu esa vUrfoZ"V gkasxsA ¼M½rjhdk ftlesa laj{kdrk ds fy, vkosnu /kkjk 4 dh mi/kkjk ¼4½ ds vUrxZr LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr }kjk izkIr lalkf/kr vkSj fu.khZr fd;k tk,xkA ¼p½vkosnuksa ds vkSj mu ij /kkjk 14 dh mi/kkjk ¼5½ ds varxZr LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr }kjk ikfjr vkns'kksa ds C;ksjs( ¼N½iathd`r laxBuksa dh fuf/k;u iwoZ vofLFkfr ds ewY;kadu dh izfØ;k vkSj /kkjk 19 ds varxZr ,sls iathd`r laxBuksa ds dk;Zdykiksa dks fuxjkuh vkSj ewY;kafdr djus ds fy, fn'kkfunsZ'k rS;kj djuk% ¼t½le; ftlds Hkhrj okf"kZd vke lHkk ds fy, lwpuk ekaxh tk,xh vkSj ,slh cSBd ds fy, /kkjk 20 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ vkSj ¼3½ ds vUrxZr dksje( vkSj ¼>½dksbZ vU; ekeyk ftls fofu;eksa }kjk miyC/k djk;k tkuk visf{kr gS vkSj miyC/k djk;k tk;sxkA

31ln~Hkkouk ls dh xbZ dkjZokgh ds fy, lqj{kk&dksbZ okn] vfHk;kstu ;k vU; fof/kd dk;Zokgh dsæ ljdkj ;k U;kl ;k cksMZ ds fdlh lnL; ;k eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh ;k U;kl ds fdlh vU; vf/kdkjh ;k deZpkjh ds ;k cksMZ }kjk bl vf/kfu;e ds varxZr drZO; fuoZgu ds fy, izkf/kd`r vU; O;fDr ds fo:) fdlh gkfu ;k {kfr ds fy, ugh dh tk,xh lnHkkouk ls dh xbZ fdlh pht ls ftlds gksus dh laHkkouk gks ldrh gS ¼1860 dk 15½ Li"Vhdj.k& bl [k.M ds mn~ns'; ds fy, in ^^lnHkkouk** dk ogh vFkZ gksxk tks bls Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk ¼1860 dk 15½ esa fn;k x;k gSA 32U;kl ds v/;{k] lnL; vkSj vf/kdkjh yksd lsod gksaxs& U;kl ds lc lnL;] eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh] vU; vf/kdkjh vkSj deZpkfj;ksa dks Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk dh /kkjk 21 ds vFkZ ds Hkhrj yksdlsod ekuk tk,xk tc bl vf/kfu;e ds fdlh mica/k ds vuqlj.k esa dk;Z dj jgs gSa] ;k dk;Z djuk rkRifFkZr gSA 33-izR;k;kstu&cksMZ] lkekU; ;k fo'ks"k vkns'k }kjk fyf[kr esa] U;kl ds v/;{k ;k U;kl ds fdlh lnL; ;k vf/kdkjh ;k fdlh vU; O;fDr dks ,slh 'krksZa vkSj lhekvksa ds v/khu jgrs gq,] ;fn dksbZ gks] tSlk fd vkns'k esa fofufnZ"V gksxk bl vf/kfu;e ds vurxZr viuh 'kfDr;ksa esa ls ,slh 'kfDr;ksa dk izR;k;kstu djsxk tSlk ;g t:jh le>sxkA ¼/kkjk 35 ds v/khu fofu;e cukus dh 'kfDr ds flok;½ 34fu;e cukus dh 'kfDr& 1-dsæ ljdkj] jkt i= esa vf/klwpuk }kjk vf/kfu;e ds mica/kksa dks fØ;kfUor djus ds fy, fu;e cuk ldrh gSA 2fo'ks"kr% vkSj iwokZxkeh 'kfDr;ksa dh O;kidrk ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk ,sls fu;e fuEufyf[kr ekeyksa ds lc ds fy, O;oLFkk djsaxs] ;kuh ¼d½ izfØ;k ftlds vuqlkj iathd`r laxBu dk izfrfuf/kRo djusa okys O;fDr /kkjk 3 dh mi/kkjk 4 ds [kaM ¼[k½ ds vUrxZr pqu tk;saxs(

¼[k½ /kkjk 4 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds vUrxZr v/;{k vkSj lnL;ksa dh lsok dh 'krsZa(

¼x½/kkjk 4 dh mi/kkjk [k.M ¼6½ ds vUrxZr cksMZ dh cSBdksa esa dkjckj dhs lap;ogkj esa izfØ;k ds fu;e( ¼?k½/kkjk 8 dh mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds vUrxZr eq[;dk;Z ikyd 'kfDr;ka vkSj drZO;( ¼M+½QkeZ ftlesa ,d iathd`r laxBu laj{kdrk ds fy, vkosnu /kkjk 14 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds vUrxZr djsxk ( ¼p½izfØ;k ftlds vuqlkj /kkjk 17 ds vUrjxr laj{kd dks gVk;k tk ldsA ¼N½QkeZ ftlesa vkSj vof/k ftlds Hkhrj U;kl dk ctV /kkjk 23 ds vUrxZr dsæ ljdkj dks vxzsf"kr fd;k tk;sxkA ¼t½ QkeZ ftlesa ys[kksa dk okf"kZd fooj.k [k.M 24 ds mi[kaM ¼1½ ds vUrxZr j[kk tk,xk( ¼>½QkeZ ftlesa vkSj le; ftlds Hkhrj] okf"kZd fjiksZVZ /kkjk 25 ds vUrxZr rS;kjh dh tk;sxha vkSj Hksth tk;sxhA ¼r½dksbZ Hkh vU; ekeyk ftls fu/kkZfjr djuk visf{kr gS ;k fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk;sxkA 35-fofu;e cukus dh 'kfDr 1-cksMZ] dsUæ ljdkj ds iwoZ vuqeksnu ls ljdkjh jkti= esa vf/klwpuk }kjk fofu;e cuk,xk tks bl vf/kfu;e vkSj fu;eksa ds laxr gksaxs vkSj lkekU;r% bl vf/kfu;e ds iz;kstuksa dks fu"ikfnr djsaxsA 2-fo'ks"kr% vkSj iwoZxkeh 'kfDr dh O;kidrk ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkys fcuk] ,sls fofu;e fuEu ekeyksa lc ds fy, ;k fdlh ds fy, O;oLFkk djsaxs] ;kuh ¼d½rjhdk vkSj iz;kstu ftlds fy, /kkjk 3 dh mi/kkjk ¼5½ ds vUrxZr O;fDr dks laca) fd;k tk;sxkA ¼[k½le; vkSj LFkku tgka /kkjk 4 dh mi/kkjk ¼6½ ds vUrxZr cksMZ dh cSBd gksxh( ¼x½/kkjk 8 dh mi/kkjk ¼3½ ds vUrxZr U;kl ds eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh] vU; vf/kdkjh;ksa vkSj deZpkfj;ksa dh lsok ds fucU/ku vkSj 'krsZsa % ¼?k½QkeZ vkSj rjhdk ftlesa /kkjk 12 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds vUrxZr iathdj.k ds fy, vkosnu fn;k tk,xk vkSj C;ksjs tks mi[k.M 19 ds vUrxZr ,sls vkosnu esa vUrfoZ"V gkasxsA ¼M½rjhdk ftlesa laj{kdrk ds fy, vkosnu /kkjk 4 dh mi/kkjk ¼4½ ds vUrxZr LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr }kjk izkIr lalkf/kr vkSj fu.khZr fd;k tk,xkA ¼p½vkosnuksa ds vkSj mu ij /kkjk 14 dh mi/kkjk ¼5½ ds varxZr LFkkuh; Lrj lfefr }kjk ikfjr vkns'kksa ds C;ksjs( ¼N½iathd`r laxBuksa dh fuf/k;u iwoZ vofLFkfr ds ewY;kadu dh izfØ;k vkSj /kkjk 19 ds varxZr ,sls iathd`r laxBuksa ds dk;Zdykiksa dks fuxjkuh vkSj ewY;kafdr djus ds fy, fn'kkfunsZ'k rS;kj djuk% ¼t½le; ftlds Hkhrj okf"kZd vke lHkk ds fy, lwpuk ekaxh tk,xh vkSj ,slh cSBd ds fy, /kkjk 20 dh mi/kkjk ¼2½ vkSj ¼3½ ds vUrxZr dksje( vkSj ¼>½dksbZ vU; ekeyk ftls fofu;eksa }kjk miyC/k djk;k tkuk visf{kr gS vkSj miyC/k djk;k tk;sxkA

36laaln ds le{k j[ks tkus okys fu;e vkSj vf/kfu;e& bl vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr cuk;k x;k izR;sd fu;e vkSj vf/kfu;e] blds cuk;s tkus ds rRdky ckn laln ds izR;sd lnu ds lkeus ys tk;k tk,xk] tc ;g 30 fnuksa dh dqy vof/k ds fy, l= esa gksxh tks ,d l= esa ;k nks ;k vf/kd mÙkjksRrj l=ksa esa 'kkfey gksxh vkSj ;fn] l= ;k mDr mÙkjksRrj l=ksa ds rRdky ckn l= ds lekiu ls igys nksuksa lnu fu;e ;k fofu;e esa dksbZ la'kks/ku djus ds fy, lger gksrs gSa ;k nksuksa lnu lger gksrs gSa fd fu;e ;k fofu;e u cuk, tk;sa blfy, fu;e ;k fofu;e ,sls la'kksf/kr :Ik esa gh izHkko j[ksaxs ;k fdlh izHkko ds ugha gksxs] tSlh Hkh fLFkfr gks( vr% rFkkfi ,slk mikarj.k ;k ckfry fd;k tkuk ml fu;e ;k fofu;e ds vUrxZr igys dqN Hkh fd, dh oS/krk ij izfrdwy izHkko ugha MkysxhA jk"Vªh; U;kl vf/kfu;e]